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HOMELAND
American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian homeland area
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Description

HOMELAND indicates whether the household is in a PUMA that includes any Census block that was designated as an American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian homeland area.

For Census 2000, the Census Bureau indicated whether or not each census block was within a homeland area. To create the IPUMS homeland variable, we have applied the Census Bureau's block-level measure of homeland status to the PUMAs available in the public use data from Census 2000, Census 2010, and the ACS samples from 2005 onwards.

The Census Bureau homeland areas can be either legal or statistical entities. Although they do not have the legal statuses of other areas, the statistical areas included in this measure are judged by local agencies to be substantially meaningful to the local native populations. Specifically:

"The legal entities consist of federally recognized American Indian reservations and off-reservation trust land areas, the tribal subdivisions that can divide these entities, state recognized American Indian reservations, Alaska Native Regional Corporations, and Hawaiian home lands. The statistical entities are Alaska Native village statistical areas, Oklahoma tribal statistical areas, tribal designated statistical areas, and state designated American Indian statistical areas. Tribal subdivisions can exist within the statistical Oklahoma tribal statistical areas." (U.S. Census Bureau 2001)

The boundaries of these places do not follow state or local administrative lines because of the history of government-to-government relations between tribes and the federal government.

The overlap between the Census Bureau definition of homelands and the PUMAs which overlap those areas is far from perfect, as shown in the following map:

However, substantive research has shown that the PUMA-based IPUMS measure has substantial predictive power (Liebler, Carolyn A. 2010. "Homelands and Indigenous Identities in a Multiracial Era" Social Science Research 39:596-609).

Specific descriptions of the "legal and statistical American Indian, Alaska Native, and native Hawaiian entities for which the U.S. Census Bureau provides data for Census 2000" can be found here.

Block-level maps of American Indian, Alaska Native, Hawaiian Home Lands as of Census 2000 are available here.

Codes and Frequencies



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Comparability

No information available.

Universe

  • All households and group quarters.

Availability

United States
  • 2021: All samples
  • 2020: All samples
  • 2019: All samples
  • 2018: All samples
  • 2017: All samples
  • 2016: All samples
  • 2015: All samples
  • 2014: All samples
  • 2013: All samples
  • 2012: All samples
  • 2011: All samples
  • 2010: All samples
  • 2009: All samples
  • 2008: All samples
  • 2007: All samples
  • 2006: All samples
  • 2005: All samples
  • 2004: --
  • 2003: --
  • 2002: --
  • 2001: --
  • 2000: 5%; 1% unwt
  • 1990: --
  • 1980: --
  • 1970: --
  • 1960: --
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  • 1910: --
  • 1900: --
  • 1880: --
  • 1870: --
  • 1860: --
  • 1850: --
Puerto Rico
  • 2021: --
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  • 2000: --
  • 1990: --
  • 1980: --
  • 1970: --
  • 1930: --
  • 1920: --
  • 1910: --

Flags

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Editing Procedure

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