Descriptions of IPUMS Samples

• 1790-1840 household-level full counts
• 1850-1930 linked representative samples
• 1850-1860 slave samples
• 1850 1% sample
• 1850 100% population database
• 1860 1% sample
• 1860 1% sample with black oversample
• 1860 100% population database
• 1870 1% sample
• 1870 1% sample with black oversample
• 1870 100% population database
• 1880 1% sample
• 1880 10% sample
• 1880 100% population database
• 1900 1% sample
• 1900 1% sample with oversamples
• 1900 5% sample
• 1900 100% population database
• 1910 1% sample
• 1910 1.4% sample with oversamples
• 1910 12% Puerto Rico sample
• 1910 100% population database
• 1920 1% sample
• 1920 12% Puerto Rico sample
• 1920 100% population database
• 1930 1% sample
• 1930 5% sample
• 1930 5% Puerto Rico sample
• 1930 100% population database
• 1940 1% sample
• 1940 100% population database
• 1950 1% sample
• 1950 100% population database
• 1960 1% sample
• 1960 5% sample
• 1970 1% Form 1 State sample
• 1970 1% Form 2 State sample
• 1970 1% Form 1 Metro sample
• 1970 1% Form 2 Metro sample
• 1970 1% Form 1 Neighborhood sample
• 1970 1% Form 2 Neighborhood sample
• 1970 1% Puerto Rico State sample
• 1970 1% Puerto Rico Municipio sample
• 1970 1% Puerto Rico Neighborhood sample
• 1980 5% State sample
• 1980 1% Metro sample
• 1980 1% Urban/rural sample
• 1980 1% Labor Market Areas sample
• 1980 1% Detailed Metro/Nonmetro sample
• 1980 5% Puerto Rico sample
• 1980 1% Puerto Rico sample
• 1990 5% State sample
• 1990 1% Metro sample
• 1990 3% Elderly sample
• 1990 1% Unweighted state sample
• 1990 0.5% Labor Market Areas sample
• 1990 5% Puerto Rico sample
• 1990 1% Puerto Rico sample
• 2000 5% sample
• 2000 1% sample
• 2000 1% Unweighted sample
• 2000 5% Puerto Rico sample
• 2000 1% Puerto Rico sample
• 2000 1% sample (old version)
• 2000 1% Puerto Rico sample (old version)
• ACS 2000 sample
• ACS 2001 sample
• ACS 2002 sample
• ACS 2003 sample
• ACS 2004 sample
• ACS 2005 sample
• PRCS 2005 sample
• ACS 2006 sample
• PRCS 2006 sample
• ACS 2007 sample
• PRCS 2007 sample
• ACS 2005-2007 3-Year sample
• PRCS 2005-2007 3-Year sample
• ACS 2008 sample
• PRCS 2008 sample
• ACS 2006-2008 3-Year sample
• PRCS 2006-2008 3-Year sample
• ACS 2009 sample
• PRCS 2009 sample
• ACS 2007-2009 3-Year sample
• PRCS 2007-2009 3-Year sample
• ACS 2005-2009 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2005-2009 5-Year sample
• ACS 2010 sample
• PRCS 2010 sample
• ACS 2008-2010 3-Year sample
• PRCS 2008-2010 3-Year sample
• ACS 2006-2010 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2006-2010 5-Year sample
• 2010 10% sample
• 2010 10% Puerto Rico sample
• ACS 2011 sample
• PRCS 2011 sample
• ACS 2009-2011 3-Year sample
• PRCS 2009-2011 3-Year sample
• ACS 2007-2011 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2007-2011 5-Year sample
• ACS 2012 sample
• PRCS 2012 sample
• ACS 2010-2012 3-Year sample
• PRCS 2010-2012 3-Year sample
• ACS 2008-2012 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2008-2012 5-Year sample
• ACS 2013 sample
• PRCS 2013 sample
• ACS 2011-2013 3-Year sample
• PRCS 2011-2013 3-Year sample
• ACS 2009-2013 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2009-2013 5-Year sample
• ACS 2014 sample
• PRCS 2014 sample
• ACS 2010-2014 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2010-2014 5-Year sample
• ACS 2015 sample
• PRCS 2015 sample
• ACS 2011-2015 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2011-2015 5-Year sample
• ACS 2016 sample
• PRCS 2016 sample
• ACS 2012-2016 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2012-2016 5-Year sample
• ACS 2017 sample
• PRCS 2017 sample
• ACS 2013-2017 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2013-2017 5-Year sample
• ACS 2018 sample
• PRCS 2018 sample
• ACS 2014-2018 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2014-2018 5-Year sample
• ACS 2019 sample
• PRCS 2019 sample
• ACS 2015-2019 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2015-2019 5-Year sample
• ACS 2020 sample
• ACS 2016-2020 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2016-2020 5-Year sample
• ACS 2021 sample
• PRCS 2021 sample
• ACS 2017-2021 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2017-2021 5-Year sample
• ACS 2022 sample
• PRCS 2022 sample
• ACS 2018-2022 5-Year sample
• PRCS 2018-2022 5-Year sample
• ACS 2023 sample
• PRCS 2023 sample

1790-1840 Household-level Full Counts

• Household-level datasets for decennial years 1790-1840. Individual-level data is not available in these years.
• All of the years have missing data, and in some cases, whole states are missing. Household-level data can be merged onto the county-level summary data to help identify the missing areas and other issues in the data.
• NOTE: These data files are not available through the data extract system.
• Data and documentation are available via the IPUMS USA 1790-1840 Household-Level Full Count Data page.

1850-1930 Linked Representative Samples

• IPUMS 1% census samples from 1850-1930 linked to 100% database from 1880 census.
• Contains 500,000 cases linked from the 1880 census to a previous or subsequent census.
• NOTE: These data files are not available through the data extract system.
• Data and documentation are available via the Linked Representative Samples page.

1850-1860 slave samples

• Six samples taken from the 1850 and 1860 Censuses of Slave Inhabitants.
• NOTE: These data files are not available through the extract system.
• Individual-level data and documentation are available via the 1850-60 Slave PUMS website.

1850 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the free population.
• African-American slaves are not included in this dataset. Individual-level data on the 1850 slave population is available at the 1850-60 Slave PUMS website.

1850 100% Population Database

• Contains the complete 1850 free population.
• Data was entered and generously made available by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• Name and other identifying information is not available from the IPUMS website. Genealogists wanting the 1850 census data are advised to use Ancestry.com. Academic researchers interested in access to restricted 1850 data should email ipums@umn.edu
• Users of this data agree to the following conditions: 1. This data will be used for research and educational purposes only, 2. This data will not be republished, 3. Users will not link individual records to the original enumeration images.
• More information about the data can be found on the Full Count Data page.

1860 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the free population.
• African-American slaves are not included in this dataset. Individual-level data on the 1860 slave population is available at the 1850-60 Slave PUMS website.

1860 1% sample with black oversample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the free population with a 1-in-50 over-sample of the free African-American population.
• African-American slaves are not included in this dataset. Individual-level data on the 1860 slave population is available at the 1850-60 Slave PUMS website.
• This is a weighted sample.

1860 100% Population Database

• Contains the complete 1860 population.
• Data was entered and made available by Ancestry.com.
• Name and other identifying information is not available from the IPUMS website. Genealogists wanting the 1860 census data are advised to use Ancestry.com. Academic researchers interested in access to restricted 1860 data should email ipums@umn.edu
• Users of this data agree to the following conditions: 1. This data will be used for research and educational purposes only, 2. This data will not be republished, 3. Users will not link individual records to the original enumeration images.
• More information about the data can be found on the Full Count Data page.

1870 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.

1870 1% sample with black oversample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population with a 1-in-50 over-sample of the African-American population.
• This is a weighted sample.

1870 100% Population Database

• Contains the complete 1870 population.
• Data was entered and made available by Ancestry.com.
• Name and other identifying information is not available from the IPUMS website. Genealogists wanting the 1870 census data are advised to use Ancestry.com. Academic researchers interested in access to restricted 1870 data should email ipums@umn.edu
• Users of this data agree to the following conditions: 1. This data will be used for research and educational purposes only, 2. This data will not be republished, 3. Users will not link individual records to the original enumeration images.
• More information about the data can be found on the Full Count Data page.

1880 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.

1880 10% sample with oversamples

• 1-in-10 national random sample of the population with a 1-in-5 minority oversample.
• This sample replaces the 1880 5% preliminary sample. It includes all cases from the 5% preliminary sample, drawn only from counties on odd-numbered microfilm reels, and adds data from counties on even-numbered reels.
• "Minorities" are defined as persons whose race was Native American or African American, whose race or birthplace indicated that they were Chinese, or whose name or birthplace indicated Hispanic origins. Households including a minority were sampled at a 1-in-5 rate.
• This is a weighted sample.

1880 100% Population Database

• Contains the complete 1880 population.
• Data was entered and generously made available by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• Name and other identifying information is not available from the IPUMS website. Genealogists needing 1880 census data are advised to use FamilySearch.org. Academic researchers interested in access to restricted 1880 data should email ipums@umn.edu
• More information about the data can be found on the Full Count Data page.

1900 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population, including Alaskans, Hawaiians, and American Indians.
• The 1900-1930 samples include data from Alaska and Hawaii, even though they were not states until 1959. The 1940-1950 samples do not include data from Alaska and Hawaii.

1900 1% sample with oversamples

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population, with 1-in-5 oversamples of Alaskans, Hawaiians, and persons enumerated on the American Indian schedules.
• The 1900-1930 samples include data from Alaska and Hawaii, even though they were not states until 1959. The 1940-1950 samples do not include data from Alaska and Hawaii.
• This is a weighted sample.

1900 5% sample

• 1-in-20 national random sample of the population.
• This sample replaces the 1900 2.5% preliminary sample. It includes all cases from the 2.5% preliminary sample, drawn only from counties on odd-numbered microfilm reels, and adds data from counties on even-numbered reels.
• The current version of the dataset was released in May 2011 and contains some revisions from an earlier version.
• Alaska and Hawaii are not included in this dataset. Researchers needing data from those states should use the 1900 1% sample with oversamples.

1900 0.1% sample

• 1-in-760 national random sample of the population, also known as the "Preston" sample.
• This sample is no longer available via the IPUMS extract system.
• Still available via the IPUMS downloads page, for those needing to reproduce previous research.

1900 100% Population Database

• Contains the complete 1900 population.
• Data was entered and made available by Ancestry.com.
• Name and other identifying information is not available from the IPUMS website. Genealogists wanting the 1900 census data are advised to use Ancestry.com. Academic researchers interested in access to restricted 1900 data should email ipums@umn.edu
• Users of this data agree to the following conditions: 1. This data will be used for research and educational purposes only, 2. This data will not be republished, 3. Users will not link individual records to the original enumeration images.
• More information about the data can be found on the Full Count Data page.

1910 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population, including Alaskans, Hawaiians, and persons enumerated on the American Indians schedules.
• The 1900-1930 samples include data from Alaska and Hawaii, even though they were not states until 1959. The 1940-1950 samples do not include data from Alaska and Hawaii.

1910 1.4% sample with oversamples

• 1-in-70 national random sample of the population, with large oversamples of Hispanics, Blacks, Alaskans, Hawaiians, and persons enumerated on the American Indian schedules.
• The 1900-1930 samples include data from Alaska and Hawaii, even though they were not states until 1959. The 1940-1950 samples do not include data from Alaska and Hawaii.
• This is a weighted sample.

1910 Puerto Rico Sample

• There are three combined samples in the 1910 Puerto Rican sample: a 1-in-10 sample; an over-sample of households in the municipality of Loiza (an African-descent enclave); and an over-sample of households located in coffee regions.
• This sample was originally made at the University of Wisconsin-Madison by Alberto Palloni, Halliman W. Winsborough, and Francsico Scarano. Some codes and values in the IPUMS sample differ from those in the original UW sample (which is available from ICPSR).
• This is a weighted sample.

1910 100% Population Database

• Contains the complete 1910 population.
• Data was entered and made available by Ancestry.com.
• Name and other identifying information is not available from the IPUMS website. Genealogists wanting the 1910 census data are advised to use Ancestry.com. Academic researchers interested in access to restricted 1910 data should email ipums@umn.edu
• Users of this data agree to the following conditions: 1. This data will be used for research and educational purposes only, 2. This data will not be republished, 3. Users will not link individual records to the original enumeration images.
• More information about the data can be found on the Full Count Data page.

1920 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The 1900-1930 samples include data from Alaska and Hawaii, even though they were not states until 1959. The 1940-1950 samples do not include data from Alaska and Hawaii.

1920 Puerto Rico Sample

• There are three combined samples in the 1920 Puerto Rican sample: a 1-in-10 sample; an over-sample of households in the municipality of Loiza (an African-descent enclave); and an over-sample of households located in coffee regions.
• This sample was originally made at the University of Wisconsin-Madison by Alberto Palloni, Halliman W. Winsborough, and Francsico Scarano. Some codes and values in the IPUMS sample differ from those in the original UW sample (which is available from ICPSR).
• This is a weighted sample.

1920 100% Population Database

• Contains the complete 1920 population.
• Data was entered and made available by Ancestry.com.
• Name and other identifying information is not available from the IPUMS website. Genealogists wanting the 1920 census data are advised to use Ancestry.com. Academic researchers interested in access to restricted 1920 data should email ipums@umn.edu
• Users of this data agree to the following conditions: 1. This data will be used for research and educational purposes only, 2. This data will not be republished, 3. Users will not link individual records to the original enumeration images.
• More information about the data can be found on the Full Count Data page.
• User Note: Due to a data transcription error, approximately two hundred thousand records are missing data for select variables in select enumeration districts located in Maine, California, Illinois, Georgia, and Massachusetts.

1930 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The 1% sample was drawn from the 5% sample file. However, there may be minor differences in allocated data between the common records of the two files.
• The 1900-1930 samples include data from Alaska and Hawaii, even though they were not states until 1959. The 1940-1950 samples do not include data from Alaska and Hawaii.

1930 5% sample

• 1-in-20 national random sample of the population.
• The 1900-1930 samples include data from Alaska and Hawaii, even though they were not states until 1959. The 1940-1950 samples do not include data from Alaska and Hawaii.

1930 5% Puerto Rico Sample

• 1-in-20 national random sample of the population.
• This is a flat 5% sample.

1930 100% Population Database

• Contains the complete 1930 population.
• Data was entered and made available by Ancestry.com.
• Name and other identifying information is not available from the IPUMS website. Genealogists wanting the 1930 census data are advised to use Ancestry.com. Academic researchers interested in access to restricted 1930 data should email ipums@umn.edu
• Users of this data agree to the following conditions: 1. This data will be used for research and educational purposes only, 2. This data will not be republished, 3. Users will not link individual records to the original enumeration images.
• More information about the data can be found on the Full Count Data page.

1940 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The 1940-1950 samples do NOT include data from Alaska and Hawaii. Samples from 1900-1930 and 1960-present include data from Alaska and Hawaii.
• Every household has one "sample-line" person who answered additional census questions.

1940 100% Population Database

• Contains the complete 1940 population.
• Data from Alaska, Hawaii, and other U.S. territories are not currently made available.
• Data was entered and made available by Ancestry.com.
• Name and other identifying information is not available from the IPUMS website. Genealogists wanting the 1940 census data are advised to use Ancestry.com. Academic researchers interested in access to restricted 1940 data should email ipums@umn.edu.
• Users of this data agree to the following conditions: 1. This data will be used for research and educational purposes only, 2. This data will not be republished, 3. Users will not link individual records to the original enumeration images.
• More information about the preliminary data can be found on the Full Count Data page.

1950 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The 1940-1950 samples do NOT include data from Alaska and Hawaii. Samples from 1900-1930 and 1960-present include data from Alaska and Hawaii.
• Every household has one "sample-line" person who answered additional census questions.
• Only places of at least 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable.

1950 100% Population Database

• Contains the complete 1950 population.
• Limited data are available for Alaska and Hawaii, and other US territories are not currently available.
• Every household has one "sample-line" person who answered additional census questions. One in every six sample-line people answered a secondary set of supplemental questions.
• Data was entered and made available by Ancestry.com.
• Name and other identifying information is not available from the IPUMS website. Genealogists wanting the 1950 census data are advised to use Ancestry.com. Academic researchers interested in access to restricted 1950 data should email ipums@umn.edu.
• Users of this data agree to the following conditions: 1. This data will be used for research and educational purposes only, 2. This data will not be republished, 3. Users will not link individual records to the original enumeration images.
• More information about the preliminary data can be found on the Full Count Data page.

1960 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is state.

1960 5% sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• Includes restored data originally missing from 1960 PUMS
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is mini-PUMA.
• 1960 Restoration project details
• This is a flat 5% sample.

1970 1% Form 1 State sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is state.
• This sample was originally called the "5% state sample" because Form 1 was given to 5% of the population.
• 1970 Form 1 samples contain a somewhat different set of variables than Form 2 samples.

1970 1% Form 2 State sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is state.
• This sample was originally called the "15% state sample" because Form 2 was given to 15% of the population.
• 1970 Form 2 samples contain a somewhat different set of variables than Form 1 samples.

1970 1% Form 1 Metro sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population. (Note, this is not a sample only of metro areas.)
• The smallest identifiable geographic units are metropolitan areas and county groups: combinations of counties totaling at least 250,000 population.
• PLEASE NOTE: The 1970 Metro samples do not report state of residence for persons living in county groups that straddle state boundaries. Researchers requiring complete state information should use one of the 1970 State samples.
• This sample was originally called the "5% county group sample" because Form 1 was given to 5% of the population.
• 1970 Form 1 samples contain a somewhat different set of variables than Form 2 samples.

1970 1% Form 2 Metro sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population. (Note, this is not a sample only of metro areas.)
• The smallest identifiable geographic units are metropolitan areas and county groups: combinations of counties totaling at least 250,000 population.
• PLEASE NOTE: The 1970 Metro samples do not report state of residence for persons living in county groups that straddle state boundaries. Researchers requiring complete state information should use one of the 1970 State samples.
• This sample was originally called the "15% county group sample" because Form 2 was given to 15% of the population.
• 1970 Form 2 samples contain a somewhat different set of variables than Form 1 samples.

1970 1% Form 1 Neighborhood sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The smallest identifiable geographic units are "neighborhoods" of about 4000 population (approximately the size of census tracts). The precise location of a given neighborhood is suppressed; only its census region/division is provided. Households from 42,950 separate neighborhoods are included in the sample. Both the Form 1 and Form 2 neighborhood samples contain cases from each of the 42,950 neighborhoods (about 17 households per neighborhood from each sample).
• PLEASE NOTE: The 1970 Neighborhood samples do not include a variable for state of residence. Researchers requiring complete state information should use one of the 1970 State samples.
• Neighborhood samples contain a set of additional variables giving summary statistics for the neighborhood in 1970 (e.g., percent of population age 65 or older). The extra variables are appended onto the end of the household record.
• This sample was originally called the "5% neighborhood sample" because Form 1 was given to 5% of the population.
• 1970 Form 1 samples contain a somewhat different set of variables than Form 2 samples.

1970 1% Form 2 Neighborhood sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The smallest identifiable geographic units are "neighborhoods" of about 4000 population (approximately the size of census tracts). The precise location of a given neighborhood is suppressed; only its census region/division is provided. Households from 42,950 separate neighborhoods are included in the sample. Both the Form 1 and Form 2 neighborhood samples contain cases from each of the 42,950 neighborhoods (about 17 households per neighborhood from each sample).
• PLEASE NOTE: The 1970 Neighborhood samples do not include a variable for state of residence. Researchers requiring complete state information should use one of the 1970 State samples.
• Neighborhood samples contain a set of additional variables giving summary statistics for the neighborhood in 1970 (e.g., percent of population age 65 or older). The extra variables are appended onto the end of the household record.
• This sample was originally called the "15% neighborhood sample" because Form 2 was given to 15% of the population.
• 1970 Form 2 samples contain a somewhat different set of variables than Form 1 samples.

1970 1% Puerto Rico State sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the state.

1970 1% Puerto Rico Municipio sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The smallest identifiable geographic units are metropolitan areas and county groups: combinations of counties totaling at least 250,000 population.

1970 1% Puerto Rico Neighborhood sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The smallest identifiable geographic units are "neighborhoods" of about 4000 population (approximately the size of census tracts). The precise location of a given neighborhood is supressed; only its state is provided. Households from 380 separate neighborhoods are included in the sample.
• Neighborhood samples contain a set of additional variables giving summary statistics for the neighborhood in 1970 (e.g., percent of population age 65 or older). The extra variables are appended onto the end of the household record.

1980 5% State sample

• 1-in-20 national random sample of the population.
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. The most basic geographic variable is the county group, which can be any combination of counties or portions of counties that total 100,000 population. The state sample privileges state identification over metropolitan area identification. Where the combination of state and metropolitan area would enable the identification of areas smaller than 100,000 population, the 1980 state sample suppresses the metropolitan area information.

1980 1% Metro sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population. (Note, this is not a sample only of metro areas.)
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. The most basic geographic variable is the county group, which can be any combination of counties or portions of counties that total 100,000 population. The metro sample privileges metropolitan area identification over state identification. Where the combination of state and metropolitan area would enable the identification of areas smaller than 100,000 population, the 1980 metro sample suppresses the state information.

1980 1% Urban/rural sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. This 1980 sample identifies urban status, and the smallest geographic units provided are urbanized areas (similar to metropolitan areas, but more specifically urban in character). Some cities are given, but no metropolitan areas; and many smaller states cannot be separately identified.

1980 1% Labor Market Areas sample

• 1% random sample of the state population.
• Labor Market Areas are defined by a hierarchical cluster analysis of counties based on work-to-residence commuting patterns.

1980 1% Detailed Metro/Nonmetro sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. This sample identifies urban and rural place status within metropolitan areas, and the smallest geographic units provided are urbanized areas (similar to metropolitan areas, but more specifically urban in character). Some cities are given, but no metropolitan areas; and many smaller states cannot be separately identified.

1980 5% Puerto Rico sample

• 1-in-20 national random sample of the population.
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. The most basic geographic variable is the county group, which can be any combination of counties or portions of counties that total 100,000 population.

1980 1% Puerto Rico sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. The most basic geographic variable is the county group, which can be any combination of counties or portions of counties that total 100,000 population.

1990 5% State sample

• 1-in-20 national random sample of the population.
• This is a weighted sample.
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. The most basic geographic variable is the PUMA, which can be any combination of counties or portions of counties that total 100,000 population. The state sample privileges state identification over metropolitan area identification. Where the combination of state and metropolitan area would enable the identification of areas smaller than 100,000 population, the 1990 state sample suppresses the metropolitan area information.
• The Census Bureau re-released all 1990 PUMS data in 1993. There was a subsequent re-release of 1990 PUMS Group Quarters cases in 1996. The IPUMS is based on these re-released data.

1990 1% Metro sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population. (Note, this is not a sample only of metro areas.)
• This is a weighted sample.
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. The most basic geographic variable is the PUMA, which can be any combination of counties or portions of counties that total 100,000 population. The metro sample privileges metropolitan area identification over state identification. Where the combination of state and metropolitan area would enable the identification of areas smaller than 100,000 population, the 1990 metro sample suppresses the state information.
• The Census Bureau re-released all 1990 PUMS data in 1993. There was a subsequent re-release of 1990 PUMS Group Quarters cases in 1996. The IPUMS is based on these re-released data.

1990 3% Elderly sample

• 1-in-33 national random sample of households containing at least one person age 60 or older.
• This is a weighted sample.
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. The elderly sample follows the same geographic identification system as the 5% state sample. The most basic geographic variable is the PUMA, which can be any combination of counties or portions of counties that total 100,000 population. Like the 5% state sample, the elderly sample privileges state identification over metropolitan area identification. Where the combination of state and metropolitan area would enable the identification of areas smaller than 100,000 population, the 1990 elderly sample suppresses the metro area information.
• In addition to PUMAs, the elderly sample identifies the state Planning Service Area (PSA) in which a household resided.
• The Census Bureau re-released all 1990 PUMS data in 1993. There was a subsequent re-release of 1990 PUMS Group Quarters cases in 1996. The IPUMS is based on these re-released data.

1990 1% Unweighted state sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population (extracted from the 1990 5 percent State file).
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. The most basic geographic variable is the PUMA, which can be any combination of counties or portions of counties that total 100,000 population. The state sample privileges state identification over metropolitan area identification. Where the combination of state and metropolitan area would enable the identification of areas smaller than 100,000 population, the 1990 state sample suppresses the metropolitan area information.
• The Census Bureau re-released all 1990 PUMS data in 1993. There was a subsequent re-release of 1990 PUMS Group Quarters cases in 1996. The IPUMS is based on these re-released data.

1990 0.5% Labor Market Areas sample

• An approximate 1-in-200 national random sample of the population.
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. The most basic geographic variable is the Labor Market Area (LMA), which can be any combination of counties.
• The Census Bureau re-released all 1990 PUMS data in 1993. There was a subsequent re-release of 1990 PUMS Group Quarters cases in 1996. The IPUMS is based on these re-released data.

1990 5% Puerto Rico sample

• 1-in-20 national random sample of the population.
• This is a weighted sample.
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. The most basic geographic variable is the PUMA, which can be any combination of counties or portions of counties that total 100,000 population.

1990 1% Puerto Rico sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population. (Note, this is not a sample only of metro areas.)
• This is a weighted sample.
• No place smaller than 100,000 population can be identified with any geographic variable. The most basic geographic variable is the PUMA, which can be any combination of counties or portions of counties that total 100,000 population.

2000 5% sample

• 1-in-20 national random sample of the population.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

2000 1% sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the Super-PUMA containing at least 400,000 persons. Super-PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

2000 1% Unweighted sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population (extracted from the 2000 5 percent file).
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

2000 5% Puerto Rico sample

• 1-in-20 national random sample of the population.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

2000 1% Puerto Rico sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

2000 1% sample (old version)

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• This sample contains errors in the age variable and should be used only for testing purposes.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the Super-PUMA containing at least 400,000 persons. Super-PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

2000 1% Puerto Rico sample (old version)

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• This sample contains errors in the age variable and should be used only for testing purposes.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2000 sample

• 1-in-750 (approximately) national random sample of the population.
• The data do not include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• No place smaller than state can be identified.
• The ACS questionnaire was nearly identical to the 2000 census long form (the source for the 2000 census samples). The ACS contains several questions on involvement in government programs and a fertility question not asked in the census.

American Community Survey 2001 sample

• 1-in-232 (approximately) national random sample of the population.
• The data do not include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• No place smaller than state can be identified.

American Community Survey 2002 sample

• 1-in-261 (approximately) national random sample of the population.
• The data do not include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• No place smaller than state can be identified.

American Community Survey 2003 sample

• 1-in-236 (approximately) national random sample of the population.
• The data do not include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• No place smaller than state can be identified.

American Community Survey 2004 sample

• 1-in-239 (approximately) national random sample of the population.
• The data do not include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• No place smaller than state can be identified.

American Community Survey 2005 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data do not include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2005 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data do not include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2006 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2006 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2007 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2007 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2005-2007 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2005, 2006, and 2007, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters except for the 2005 cases.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2005-2007 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2005, 2006, and 2007, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters except for the 2005 cases.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2008 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the summary of the 2008 ACS/PRCS.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2008 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.
• Users should read the summary of the 2008 ACS/PRCS.

American Community Survey 2006-2008 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2006, 2007, and 2008, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2006-2008 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2006, 2007, and 2008, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2009 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2009 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2007-2009 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2007, 2008, and 2009, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2007-2009 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2007, 2008, and 2009, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2005-2009 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters, except for the 2005 cases.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2005-2009 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters, except for the 2005 cases.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2010 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2010 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2008-2010 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2008, 2009, and 2010, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2008-2010 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2008, 2009, and 2010, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2006-2010 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2006-2010 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

2010 10% sample

• 1-in-10 national random sample of the population.
• This is an unweighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

2010 10% Puerto Rico sample

• 1-in-10 national random sample of the population.
• This is an unweighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2011 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2011 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2009-2011 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2009, 2010, and 2011, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2009-2011 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2009, 2010, and 2011, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2007-2011 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2007-2011 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2012 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2012 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2010-2012 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2010, 2011, and 2012, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2010-2012 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2010, 2011, and 2012, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2008-2012 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2008-2012 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2013 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2013 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2011-2013 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2011, 2012, and 2013 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2011-2013 3-Year sample

• 3-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2011, 2012, and 2013 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2009-2013 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2009-2013 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2014 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2014 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2010-2014 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2010-2014 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2015 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• User Note: A data collection error in Lonoke County, AR, St. Johns County, FL, Campbell County, KY, and Portage County, WI occurred during the computer-assisted personal interviews resulting in a collection error on the availability of telephone service. In response, data for PHONE was removed or suppressed for respondents in the affected areas to account for this error. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2015 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2011-2015 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.
• User Note: A data collection error in certain counties occurred in 2015 resulting in a collection error for the availability of telephone service. In response, data for PHONE was removed or suppressed for respondents in the affected areas to account for this error. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2011-2015 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2016 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• User Note: A data collection error in Champaign County, IL, New Hanover County, NC, Robeson County, NC, Richland County, SC, Collin County, TX, and Hidalgo County, TX occurred during the computer-assisted personal interviews resulting in a collection error on the availability of telephone service. In response, data for PHONE was removed or suppressed for respondents in the affected areas to account for this error. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2016 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2012-2016 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.
• User Note: A data collection error in certain counties occurred in 2015 and 2016 resulting in a collection error for the availability of telephone service. In response, data for PHONE was removed or suppressed for respondents in the affected areas to account for this error. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2012-2016 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2017 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• User Note: Due to hurricane activity, data collection was temporarily suspended in certain parts of the country and may lead to higher margins of error in the impacted areas. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.
• User Note: Two data collection errors occurred in 2017. The first error occurred in Philadelphia City, Philadelphia County, and Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area resulting in a collection error for the following topics: employment status, health insurance, households and families, income and earnings, rent (no rent paid), and poverty. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The second data collection error occurred in New Castle County, DE resulting in a collection error for the following topics: ancestry, commuting, disability, employment status, fertility, health insurance, income and earnings, industry and occupation, marital history and status, poverty, presence of grandchildren, and veteran status. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. As a result of the two data collection errors in 2017, the 2017 ACS 1-year estimates for the affected variables should not be compared to other ACS estimates.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2017 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.
• User Note: Due to hurricane activity, data collection was temporarily suspended in certain parts of the country and may lead to higher margins of error in the impacted areas. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.

American Community Survey 2013-2017 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.
• User Note: A data collection error in certain counties occurred in 2015 and 2016 resulting in a collection error for the availability of telephone service. In response, data for PHONE was removed or suppressed for respondents in the affected areas to account for this error. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.
• User Note: Two data collection errors occurred in 2017. The first error occurred in Philadelphia City, Philadelphia County, and Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area resulting in a collection error for the following topics: employment status, health insurance, households and families, income and earnings, rent (no rent paid), and poverty. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The second data collection error occurred in New Castle County, DE resulting in a collection error for the following topics: ancestry, commuting, disability, employment status, fertility, health insurance, income and earnings, industry and occupation, marital history and status, poverty, presence of grandchildren, and veteran status. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. As a result of the two data collection errors in 2017, the 2017 ACS 1-year estimates for the affected variables should not be compared to other ACS estimates.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2013-2017 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2018 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• User Note: A data collection error in New Castle County, DE resulted in higher allocation rates for the following topics: ancestry, commuting, disability, employment status, fertility, health insurance, income and earnings, industry and occupation, marital history and status, poverty, presence of grandchildren, and veteran status. As a result, ancestry and marital history were suppressed for the respondents in the affected area. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2018 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.
• User Note: A data collection error in certain counties occurred in 2015 and 2016 resulting in a collection error for the availability of telephone service. In response, data for PHONE was removed or suppressed for respondents in the affected areas to account for this error. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.
• User Note: Two data collection errors occurred in 2017, and as a result, the 2017 ACS 1-year estimates for the affected variables should not be compared to other ACS estimates. The first error occurred in Philadelphia City, Philadelphia County, and Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area resulting in a collection error for the following topics: employment status, health insurance, households and families, income and earnings, rent (no rent paid), and poverty. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The second data collection error occurred in New Castle County, DE resulting in a collection error for the following topics: ancestry, commuting, disability, employment status, fertility, health insurance, income and earnings, industry and occupation, marital history and status, poverty, presence of grandchildren, and veteran status. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The same error occurred in New Castle County, DE in 2018 but was detected prior to the ACS release, so users should note that affected variables will have higher allocation rates in the 2018 ACS 1-year sample.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2014-2018 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2019 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• User Note: A data collection error in Flagler County, FL and St. Joseph County, IN occurred during the computer-assisted personal interviews resulting in a collection error on the availability of telephone service. In response, data for PHONE was removed or suppressed for respondents in the affected areas to account for this error. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2019 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2015-2019 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.
• User Note: A data collection error in certain counties occurred in 2015, 2016, and 2019 resulting in a collection error for the availability of telephone service. In response, data for PHONE was removed or suppressed for respondents in the affected areas to account for this error. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.
• User Note: Two data collection errors occurred in 2017, and as a result, the 2017 ACS 1-year estimates for the affected variables should not be compared to other ACS estimates. The first error occurred in Philadelphia City, Philadelphia County, and Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area resulting in a collection error for the following topics: employment status, health insurance, households and families, income and earnings, rent (no rent paid), and poverty. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The second data collection error occurred in New Castle County, DE resulting in a collection error for the following topics: ancestry, commuting, disability, employment status, fertility, health insurance, income and earnings, industry and occupation, marital history and status, poverty, presence of grandchildren, and veteran status. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The same error occurred in New Castle County, DE in 2018 but was detected prior to the ACS release, so users should note that affected variables will have higher allocation rates in the 2018 ACS 1-year sample.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2015-2019 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.

American Community Survey 2020 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• User Note: Due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 2020 ACS data collection and data quality, the Census Bureau released the 2020 1-year ACS PUMS file with experimental weights. Users should proceed with caution when using the 2020 1-year ACS PUMS file and should not compare it to other ACS sample years. For more information about this file and the experimental weights, please see ACS and COVID-19: Guidance for Using the PUMS with Experimental Weights.
• User Note: The Census Bureau did not publish the 2020 1-year Puerto Rico Community Survey PUMS file due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on data collection and data quality. The method used to calculate the experiemental weights for the ACS sample was not possible to replicate for the PRCS sample, so the PRCS sample could not be made available.

American Community Survey 2016-2020 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.
• User Note: In order to mitigate data quality issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for the 2020 1-year ACS data, the Census Bureau revised its methodology for weighting households in the 2016-2020 5-year sample by using their standard weighting methodology for the 2016-2019 portion of the data and the entropy-balance weighting methodology for the 2020 portion of the data. This has resulted in larger coefficients of variation than usual for some key estimates, and users should proceed with caution when using variables that have large margins of error, or when comparing data products containing 2020 data with other years. For more information about how the 2020 data were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting development of the entropy-balance weights, please see ACS and COVID-19: Guidance for Using the PUMS with Experimental Weights. For more detail about how this impacts the 2020 ACS 5-year sample, please see the user notes about modifications to the weighting methodology and increased margins of error.
• User Note: A data collection error in certain counties occurred in 2016 and 2019 resulting in a collection error for the availability of telephone service. In response, data for PHONE was removed or suppressed for respondents in the affected areas to account for this error. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.
• User Note: Two data collection errors occurred in 2017, and as a result, the 2017 ACS 1-year estimates for the affected variables should not be compared to other ACS estimates. The first error occurred in Philadelphia City, Philadelphia County, and Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area resulting in a collection error for the following topics: employment status, health insurance, households and families, income and earnings, rent (no rent paid), and poverty. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The second data collection error occurred in New Castle County, DE resulting in a collection error for the following topics: ancestry, commuting, disability, employment status, fertility, health insurance, income and earnings, industry and occupation, marital history and status, poverty, presence of grandchildren, and veteran status. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The same error occurred in New Castle County, DE in 2018 but was detected prior to the ACS release, so users should note that affected variables will have higher allocation rates in the 2018 ACS 1-year sample.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2016-2020 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.
• User Note: Due to data collection issues associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Census Bureau did not release single-year data for the PRCS. The Census Bureau has released the 5-year product using the same experimental weighting system as the 2020 ACS. This has resulted in larger coefficients of variation than usual for some key estimates, and users should proceed with caution when using variables that have large margins of error, or when comparing data products containing 2020 data with other years. For more detail about how this impacts the 2020 PRCS 5-year sample, please see the user notes about modifications to the weighting methodology and increased margins of error. See the Puerto Rico Community Survey Accuracy Statement for a detailed summary of the weighting methods and accuracy of the PRCS.

American Community Survey 2021 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2021 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2017-2021 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.
• User Note: In order to mitigate data quality issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for the 2020 1-year ACS data, the Census Bureau revised its methodology for weighting households in the 2017-2020 5-year sample by using their standard weighting methodology for the 2017-2019 portion of the data and the entropy-balance weighting methodology for the 2020 portion of the data. This has resulted in larger coefficients of variation than usual for some key estimates, and users should proceed with caution when using variables that have large margins of error, or when comparing data products containing 2020 data with other years. For more information about how the 2020 data were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting development of the entropy-balance weights, please see ACS and COVID-19: Guidance for Using the PUMS with Experimental Weights. For more detail about how this impacts the 2021 ACS 5-year sample, please see the user notes about modifications to the weighting methodology and increased margins of error.
• User Note: A data collection error in certain counties occurred in 2016 and 2019 resulting in a collection error for the availability of telephone service. Data for PHONE was previously suppressed for respondents in the affected areas to account for this error, but in this new sample it has been made available again. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.
• User Note: Two data collection errors occurred in 2017, and as a result, the 2017 ACS 1-year estimates for the affected variables should not be compared to other ACS estimates. The first error occurred in Philadelphia City, Philadelphia County, and Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area resulting in a collection error for the following topics: employment status, health insurance, households and families, income and earnings, rent (no rent paid), and poverty. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The second data collection error occurred in New Castle County, DE resulting in a collection error for the following topics: ancestry, commuting, disability, employment status, fertility, health insurance, income and earnings, industry and occupation, marital history and status, poverty, presence of grandchildren, and veteran status. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The same error occurred in New Castle County, DE in 2018 but was detected prior to the ACS release, so users should note that affected variables will have higher allocation rates in the 2018 ACS 1-year sample.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2017-2021 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.
• User Note: Due to data collection issues associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Census Bureau did not release single-year data for the PRCS. The Census Bureau has released the 5-year product using the same experimental weighting system as the 2020 ACS. This has resulted in larger coefficients of variation than usual for some key estimates, and users should proceed with caution when using variables that have large margins of error, or when comparing data products containing 2020 data with other years. For more detail about how this impacts the 2021 PRCS 5-year sample, please see the user notes about modifications to the weighting methodology and increased margins of error. See the Puerto Rico Community Survey Accuracy Statement for a detailed summary of the weighting methods and accuracy of the PRCS.

American Community Survey 2022 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2022 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

American Community Survey 2018-2022 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% ACS samples for 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries. Please note that the updating of some geography variables have been delayed due to the usage of 2 different census definitions(2010 and 2020) of PUMA across the 5 years in the sample, which will require special handling. Please the revisions history for the full list of delayed variables.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.
• User Note: In order to mitigate data quality issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for the 2020 1-year ACS data, the Census Bureau revised its methodology for weighting households in the 2017-2020 5-year sample by using their standard weighting methodology for the 2017-2019 portion of the data and the entropy-balance weighting methodology for the 2020 portion of the data. This has resulted in larger coefficients of variation than usual for some key estimates, and users should proceed with caution when using variables that have large margins of error, or when comparing data products containing 2020 data with other years. For more information about how the 2020 data were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting development of the entropy-balance weights, please see ACS and COVID-19: Guidance for Using the PUMS with Experimental Weights. For more detail about how this impacts the 2022 ACS 5-year sample, please see the user notes about modifications to the weighting methodology and increased margins of error.
• User Note: A data collection error in certain counties occurred in 2016 and 2019 resulting in a collection error for the availability of telephone service. Data for PHONE was previously suppressed for respondents in the affected areas to account for this error, but in this new sample it has been made available again. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information.
• User Note: Two data collection errors occurred in 2017, and as a result, the 2017 ACS 1-year estimates for the affected variables should not be compared to other ACS estimates. The first error occurred in Philadelphia City, Philadelphia County, and Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area resulting in a collection error for the following topics: employment status, health insurance, households and families, income and earnings, rent (no rent paid), and poverty. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The second data collection error occurred in New Castle County, DE resulting in a collection error for the following topics: ancestry, commuting, disability, employment status, fertility, health insurance, income and earnings, industry and occupation, marital history and status, poverty, presence of grandchildren, and veteran status. This user note from the Census Bureau contains more information. The same error occurred in New Castle County, DE in 2018 but was detected prior to the ACS release, so users should note that affected variables will have higher allocation rates in the 2018 ACS 1-year sample.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2018-2022 5-Year sample

• 5-in-100 national random sample of the population
• Contains all households and persons from the 1% PRCS samples for 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 identifiable by year.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries. Please note that the updating of some geography variables have been delayed due to the usage of 2 different census definitions(2010 and 2020) of PUMA across the 5 years in the sample, which will require special handling. Please the revisions history for the full list of delayed variables.
• Users should read the FAQ on the multi-year data.
• User Note: Due to data collection issues associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Census Bureau did not release single-year data for the PRCS. The Census Bureau has released the 5-year product using the same experimental weighting system as the 2020 ACS. This has resulted in larger coefficients of variation than usual for some key estimates, and users should proceed with caution when using variables that have large margins of error, or when comparing data products containing 2020 data with other years. For more detail about how this impacts the 2022 PRCS 5-year sample, please see the user notes about modifications to the weighting methodology and increased margins of error. See the Puerto Rico Community Survey Accuracy Statement for a detailed summary of the weighting methods and accuracy of the PRCS.

American Community Survey 2023 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons. PUMAs do not cross state boundaries.

Puerto Rican Community Survey 2023 sample

• 1-in-100 national random sample of the population.
• The data include persons in group quarters.
• This is a weighted sample.
• The smallest identifiable geographic unit is the PUMA, containing at least 100,000 persons.

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