Description

HOMELAND indicates whether the household is in a PUMA that includes any census block that was designated as an American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian (AIANNH) area.

The Census Bureau indicates whether each census block is within an AIANNH area. To create the IPUMS HOMELAND variable, we have applied the Census Bureau's block-level measure of AIANNH status to the PUMAs available in the public use data from Census 2000, Census 2010, and the ACS samples from 2005 onwards. Any PUMA that spatially intersects an AIANNH area is coded as including a homeland area.

AIANNH areas can be either legal or statistical entities. Although they do not have the legal statuses of other areas, the statistical areas included in this measure are judged by local agencies to be substantially meaningful to the local native populations. Substantive research has shown that the PUMA-based IPUMS measure has substantial predictive power (see Liebler, Carolyn A. 2010. "Homelands and Indigenous Identities in a Multiracial Era" Social Science Research 39:596-609).

For specific descriptions of the legal or statistical entities that make up AIANNH areas, see the Census Bureau documentation on American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian areas.

Comparability

In multi-year ACS/PRCS samples that span different PUMA definitions, this variable is based on whichever PUMA definition is associated with the respondent's survey year (as given by MULTYEAR). This occurs only in the 2022 5-year samples and in multi-year samples that include both 2011 and 2012 survey years. For more information about how PUMA definitions vary within multi-year samples, see the PUMA variable description.

Universe

Availability

• 2023: All samples
• 2022: All samples
• 2021: All samples
• 2020: All samples
• 2019: All samples
• 2018: All samples
• 2017: All samples
• 2016: All samples
• 2015: All samples
• 2014: All samples
• 2013: All samples
• 2012: All samples
• 2011: All samples
• 2010: All samples
• 2009: All samples
• 2008: All samples
• 2007: All samples
• 2006: All samples
• 2005: All samples
• 2004: --
• 2003: --
• 2002: --
• 2001: --
• 2000: 5%; 1% unwt
• 1990: --
• 1980: --
• 1970: --
• 1960: --
• 1950: --
• 1940: --
• 1930: --
• 1920: --
• 1910: --
• 1900: --
• 1880: --
• 1870: --
• 1860: --
• 1850: --

• 2023: --
• 2022: --
• 2021: --
• 2020: --
• 2019: --
• 2018: --
• 2017: --
• 2016: --
• 2015: --
• 2014: --
• 2013: --
• 2012: --
• 2011: --
• 2010: --
• 2009: --
• 2008: --
• 2007: --
• 2006: --
• 2005: --
• 2000: --
• 1990: --
• 1980: --
• 1970: --
• 1930: --
• 1920: --
• 1910: --

Flags

Editing Procedure

There is no editing procedure available for this variable.