Description

POPRULE_HIST reports why the IPUMS variable

POPLOC

linked the person to a probable father for samples prior to 1970. IPUMS establishes father-child links according to five basic rules, and POPRULE_HIST reports the number of the rule for the link in question. If a link could be made according to more than one rule, the lowest-numbered rule was applied. See also POPLOC,

STEPPOP

,

"Family Interrelationships"

, and

New IPUMS Family Interrelationship Variables

for more information.

The following codes are included in POPRULE_HIST:

0 = No father of this person present in household.

1 = Unambiguous relationship, based upon relationships to the head of household as listed on the form (see

RELATE

), or based on imputed relationship (

IMPREL

) for 1850-1870. This covers three basic cases:

• a) a person listed as a son or daughter is linked to the person listed as the head or the spouse of the female head.
• b) a person listed as head, brother, or sister is linked to the person listed as father.
• c) a person listed as wife, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law is linked to a person listed as father-in-law.

2 = Persons listed as grandchildren are linked to the most proximate preceding (on the form) ever-married son, an unmarried son (if immediately followed by the grandchild), or son-in-law of the head, if the son/son-in-law is 15-79 years older than the grandchild. If no link is formed with a preceding male, the program looks for the most proximate subsequent male who satisfies these criteria.

3 = Other persons are linked to any preceding ever-married male who is 15-64 years older, so long as:

• a) the two persons have listed (or imputed, for 1850-1870) relationships to the head that, when compared with one another, make a child-father link plausible,
• b) there are no persons listed between the potential child and father, except the potential father's other children or wife, and

4 = Same as rule 3, but surname similarity overrides the second part of rule 3. If more than one potential father is found in this way, the most proximate preceding male is linked. This rule can be applied only to samples with surname codes: 1850 to 1950.

7 = If the child is already linked to a mother (see

MOMLOC

and

MOMRULE

), and that mother has a husband present in the household who has not been linked to the child by another rule, the husband is linked to the child as a stepfather, regardless of the age gap between the child and the stepfather.

The IPUMS performs the following consistency checks:

• If the child was linked to a father and mother who were not married to one another, the IPUMS unlinked the father. If a husband and wife were both linked to the same father, the IPUMS chose the best parental link, based on detailed relationship, surname, and proximity within the household, as listed on the form.
• If both parents were present but they were not married to each other, the IPUMS unlinked the father if his surname did not match that of the child. For years that lack surname information (the 1960 Census), the least proximate parent was unlinked (i.e., was presumed not be the biological parent).

Comparability

For 1850-1870, relationships to the household head are imputed (using IMPREL), rather than based on RELATE. Because of variation in the information available for linking (e.g., surname, detail on relationship to household head), there are slight differences across years. To limit analysis to links that could be made for all years, exclude cases for which POPRULE_HIST is greater than 3. (Few links were made using other rules; over 95 percent of the links were made using rule 1.)

In years without

SURSIM

(1960 Census) POPLOC is not available for persons whose relationship to the head (see RELATE) is unspecified other relative or nonrelative if they are age 19 or older. In years with SURSIM (prior to 1960), all appropriate links are made for all unspecified relatives and nonrelatives regardless of age. These links are all made based on rules greater than 3.

Universe

Availability

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• 1990: --
• 1980: --
• 1970: --
• 1960: All samples
• 1950: All samples
• 1940: All samples
• 1930: All samples
• 1920: All samples
• 1910: All samples
• 1900: All samples
• 1880: All samples
• 1870: All samples
• 1860: All samples
• 1850: All samples

• 2023: --
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• 2000: --
• 1990: --
• 1980: --
• 1970: --
• 1930: All samples
• 1920: All samples
• 1910: All samples

Flags

Editing Procedure

There is no editing procedure available for this variable.