Description

MIGCZ5 identifies the commuting zone within the labor market area (LMA) where the respondent lived 5 years ago; see LMA and COMZONE for additional information on these geographic units. The variable is five digits in length with the LMA as the first three digits and the commuting zone as the last two digits. The boundaries of the commuting zone are based on county geography and may cluster counties from more than one state.

Responses to questions about migration in the 1980 census were coded for only half the persons included in the IPUMS. These codes provide accurate proportional distributions but not correct absolute numbers for the general population. For correct absolute numbers, users should select cases coded as 2 in MIGSAMP and multiply by 2 as well as by PERWT.

MIGCZ5 is a 5-digit numeric code identifying the commuting zone within the labor market area (LMA) where the respondent lived 5 years ago (See LMA and COMZONE for additional information on these geographical units). The first three digits of PWCZA identify the LMA and the last two digits identify the commuting zone. The boundaries of the commuting zone are based on county geography and may cluster counties from more than one state. MIGCZ5 specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below by Census year (and data sample if specified).

MIGCZ5 Specific Variable Codes
72000 = Puerto Rico
73000 = U.S. Outlying Area
97000 = Abroad
98999 = Same house

See the 1980 Labor Market Area Codes and Commuting Zones for detailed Commuting Zone codes.

Comparability

This variable is only available for the 1980 Labor Market Area sample.

For other samples from the post-1950 period, the Census Bureau designated different geographic entities to meet confidentiality rules (generally identifying only areas with at least 100,000+ residents). For 1970 and 1980, the lowest level geographic unit comparable to LMA Commuting Zones was the County Group; for 1990 and the 5-percent sample of the 2000 census, the geographic entity comparable to LMA Commuting Zones was the Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA). Information on place of residence 5 years ago based on these geographic units is available in MIGCOGRP for 1980, and in MIGPUMA for 1990 and the 5 percent sample of the 2000 census.

Universe

Availability

• 2023: --
• 2022: --
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• 1990: --
• 1980: 1% LMA
• 1970: --
• 1960: --
• 1950: --
• 1940: --
• 1930: --
• 1920: --
• 1910: --
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• 1880: --
• 1870: --
• 1860: --
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• 1980: --
• 1970: --
• 1930: --
• 1920: --
• 1910: --

Flags

Editing Procedure

There is no editing procedure available for this variable.