Description

For respondents who lived in a different residence 5 years before the census, MIGPUMA identifies the location where the respondent lived at that time, in terms of the Migration Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA) of 100,000+ residents.

Migration PUMA codes are state-dependent, so MIGPUMA must be combined with state codes (see MIGPLAC5) to distinguish Migration PUMAs located in different states.

A Migration PUMA may correspond to either one or multiple PUMAs.

In 1990, MIGPUMA codes correspond to the first 3 digits of the 5-digit PUMA codes. Any 1990 PUMAs whose codes differ only in the 4th or 5th digits correspond to a single, common 1990 Migration PUMA.

For a listing of the 2000 PUMAs that comprise each 2000 Migration PUMA or for GIS boundary files representing 2000 Migration PUMAs, see the 2000 Migration PUMAs and Super-PUMAs reference page.

MIGPUMA1 provides analogous information for 2005 and later ACS and PRCS samples, using a 1-year rather than a 5-year reference period.

MIGPUMA is a 3-digit numeric variable identifying the location where the respondent lived one year ago, in terms of the Public Use Microdata Area of Migration, defined by the Census Bureau.

Migration PUMA codes are state-dependent, so MIGPUMA must be combined with state codes (see MIGPLAC5) to distinguish Migration PUMAs located in different states.

The official Census codes for 2000 Migration PUMAs have 5 digits. MIGPUMA reports only the leftmost 3 digits, which are adequate to uniquely identify each Migration PUMA within each state. For ACS samples, the MIGPUMA1 variable reports all 5 digits.

MIGPUMA Special Codes
000 = N/A (less than 5 years old or lived in same residence 5 years ago)
990 = Unknown
999 = Abroad

Details on PUMA and Migration PUMA codes:

• 1990 PUMAs (composition files, boundary files)

• 2000 PUMAs (composition files, boundary files, maps)

• 2000 Migration PUMAs (relationships to 2000 PUMAs, boundary files)

Comparability

MIGPUMA is available only for 1990 and 2000. Though this variable is conceptually comparable for the two years, the PUMA boundaries and codes differ.

In other years, the Census Bureau designated other areas of 100,000+ residents for analyzing place residence five years ago. For 1940, the geographic unit is State Economic Area (see SEA), and the analogous migration variable is MIGSEA5. For 1980, the geographic unit is the county group (see CNTYGP98), and the analogous migration variable is MIGCOGRP. For the 1 percent sample of census 2000, the geographic unit is the Super-PUMA of 400,000+ residents (see PUMASUPR), and the analogous migration variable is MIGPUMAS.

See also MIGPUMA1 for analogous information for 2005 and later ACS and PRCS samples, using a 1-year rather than a 5-year reference period.

Universe

Availability

• 2023: --
• 2022: --
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• 2005: --
• 2004: --
• 2003: --
• 2002: --
• 2001: --
• 2000: 5%; 1% unwt
• 1990: 5% state; 1% metro; 1% unwt; 3% elderly
• 1980: --
• 1970: --
• 1960: --
• 1950: --
• 1940: --
• 1930: --
• 1920: --
• 1910: --
• 1900: --
• 1880: --
• 1870: --
• 1860: --
• 1850: --

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• 2005: --
• 2000: PR 5%
• 1990: All samples
• 1980: --
• 1970: --
• 1930: --
• 1920: --
• 1910: --

Flags

Editing Procedure

There is no editing procedure available for this variable.