- Description
- Codes
- Comparability
- Universe
- Availability
- Questionnaire Text
- Flags
- Source Variables
- Editing Procedure
Description
Universe Note: "New Workers" are persons seeking employment for the first time, who had not yet secured their first job.
OCC1950 applies the 1950 Census Bureau occupational classification system to occupational data, to enhance comparability across years. For pre-1940 samples created at Minnesota, the alphabetic responses supplied by enumerators were directly coded into the 1950 classification. For other samples, the information in the variable OCC was recoded into the 1950 classification. Codes above 970 are non-occupational responses retained in the historical census samples or blank/unknown. The design of OCC1950 is described at length in " Integrated Occupation and Industry Codes and Occupational Standing Variables in the IPUMS.". The composition of the 1950 occupation categories is described in detail in U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Alphabetic Index of Occupations and Industries: 1950
(Washington D.C., 1950).
In 1850-1880, any laborer with no specified industry in a household with a farmer is recoded into farm labor. In 1860-1900, any woman with an occupational response of "housekeeper" enters the non-occupational category "keeping house" if she is related to the head of household. Cases affected by these imputation procedures are identified by an appropriate data quality flag.
A parallel variable called OCC1990, available for the samples from 1950 onward, codes occupations into a simplified version of the 1990 occupational coding scheme.
Codes and Frequencies
An 'X' indicates the category is available for that sample
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Professional, Technical: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
000 | Accountants and auditors | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
001 | Actors and actresses | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
002 | Airplane pilots and navigators | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
003 | Architects | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
004 | Artists and art teachers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
005 | Athletes | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
006 | Authors | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
007 | Chemists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
008 | Chiropractors | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
009 | Clergymen | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
010 | College presidents and deans | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Professors and instructors: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
012 | Agricultural sciences | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | · | X | · | · | · | · |
013 | Biological sciences | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
014 | Chemistry | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | · | X | · | · | · |
015 | Economics | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
016 | Engineering | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · |
017 | Geology and geophysics | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | · | · |
018 | Mathematics | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X |
019 | Medical sciences | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | · | · | · | X | · |
023 | Physics | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
024 | Psychology | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
025 | Statistics | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
026 | Natural science (n.e.c.) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | X | · | X | · |
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
027 | Social sciences (n.e.c.) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
028 | Non-scientific subjects | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
029 | Subject not specified | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
031 | Dancers and dancing teachers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
032 | Dentists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
033 | Designers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
034 | Dietitians and nutritionists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
035 | Draftsmen | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
036 | Editors and reporters | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
041 | Engineers, aeronautical | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · |
042 | Engineers, chemical | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
043 | Engineers, civil | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
044 | Engineers, electrical | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
045 | Engineers, industrial | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
046 | Engineers, mechanical | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
047 | Engineers, metallurgical, metallurgists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
048 | Engineers, mining | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
049 | Engineers (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
051 | Entertainers (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
052 | Farm and home management advisors | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | X | · |
053 | Foresters and conservationists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
054 | Funeral directors and embalmers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
055 | Lawyers and judges | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
056 | Librarians | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
057 | Musicians and music teachers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
058 | Nurses, professional | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · |
059 | Nurses, student professional | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
061 | Agricultural scientists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
062 | Biological scientists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
063 | Geologists and geophysicists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · |
067 | Mathematicians | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | · | X | X | · | · | · | · |
068 | Physicists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
069 | Miscellaneous natural scientists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | · | · | X | · |
070 | Optometrists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
071 | Osteopaths | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
072 | Personnel and labor relations workers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
073 | Pharmacists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
074 | Photographers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
075 | Physicians and surgeons | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
076 | Radio operators | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
077 | Recreation and group workers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
078 | Religious workers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
079 | Social and welfare workers, except group | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
081 | Economists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · |
082 | Psychologists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
083 | Statisticians and actuaries | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
084 | Miscellaneous social scientists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
091 | Sports instructors and officials | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · |
092 | Surveyors | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
093 | Teachers (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
094 | Technicians, medical and dental | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
095 | Technicians, testing | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
096 | Technicians (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · |
097 | Therapists and healers (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
098 | Veterinarians | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
099 | Professional, technical and kindred workers (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Farmers: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | Farmers (owners and tenants) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
123 | Farm managers | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Managers, Officials, and Proprietors: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
200 | Buyers and department heads, store | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | · |
201 | Buyers and shippers, farm products | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
203 | Conductors, railroad | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
204 | Credit men | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
205 | Floormen and floor managers, store | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
210 | Inspectors, public administration | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
230 | Managers and superintendents, building | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
240 | Officers, pilots, pursers and engineers, ship | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
250 | Officials and administrators (n.e.c.), public administration | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
260 | Officials, lodge, society, union, etc. | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
270 | Postmasters | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
280 | Purchasing agents and buyers (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
290 | Managers, officials, and proprietors (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Clerical and Kindred | |||||||||||||||||||||||
300 | Agents (n.e.c.) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
301 | Attendants and assistants, library | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | · | · |
302 | Attendants, physician's and dentist's office | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
304 | Baggagemen, transportation | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
305 | Bank tellers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
310 | Bookkeepers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
320 | Cashiers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
321 | Collectors, bill and account | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
322 | Dispatchers and starters, vehicle | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · |
325 | Express messengers and railway mail clerks | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
335 | Mail carriers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
340 | Messengers and office boys | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
341 | Office machine operators | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
342 | Shipping and receiving clerks | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
350 | Stenographers, typists, and secretaries | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
360 | Telegraph messengers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X |
365 | Telegraph operators | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
370 | Telephone operators | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
380 | Ticket, station, and express agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
390 | Clerical and kindred workers (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Sales workers: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
400 | Advertising agents and salesmen | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · |
410 | Auctioneers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
420 | Demonstrators | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
430 | Hucksters and peddlers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
450 | Insurance agents and brokers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
460 | Newsboys | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
470 | Real estate agents and brokers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
480 | Stock and bond salesmen | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
490 | Salesmen and sales clerks (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Craftsmen: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
500 | Bakers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
501 | Blacksmiths | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
502 | Bookbinders | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
503 | Boilermakers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
504 | Brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
505 | Cabinetmakers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
510 | Carpenters | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
511 | Cement and concrete finishers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | · |
512 | Compositors and typesetters | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
513 | Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
514 | Decorators and window dressers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | · | X |
515 | Electricians | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · |
520 | Electrotypers and stereotypers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
521 | Engravers, except photoengravers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
522 | Excavating, grading, and road machinery operators | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
523 | Foremen (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
524 | Forgemen and hammermen | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
525 | Furriers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
530 | Glaziers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
531 | Heat treaters, annealers, temperers | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · |
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
532 | Inspectors, scalers, and graders, log and lumber | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
533 | Inspectors (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
534 | Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silversmiths | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
535 | Job setters, metal | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
540 | Linemen and servicemen, telegraph, telephone, and power | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · |
541 | Locomotive engineers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
542 | Locomotive firemen | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
543 | Loom fixers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
544 | Machinists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
545 | Mechanics and repairmen, airplane | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · |
550 | Mechanics and repairmen, automobile | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
551 | Mechanics and repairmen, office machine | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
552 | Mechanics and repairmen, radio and television | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · |
553 | Mechanics and repairmen, railroad and car shop | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · |
554 | Mechanics and repairmen (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
555 | Millers, grain, flour, feed, etc. | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
560 | Millwrights | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
561 | Molders, metal | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
562 | Motion picture projectionists | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
563 | Opticians and lens grinders and polishers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
564 | Painters, construction and maintenance | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
565 | Paperhangers | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
570 | Pattern and model makers, except paper | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
571 | Photoengravers and lithographers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
572 | Piano and organ tuners and repairmen | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
573 | Plasterers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
574 | Plumbers and pipe fitters | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
575 | Pressmen and plate printers, printing | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
580 | Rollers and roll hands, metal | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
581 | Roofers and slaters | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
582 | Shoemakers and repairers, except factory | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
583 | Stationary engineers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
584 | Stone cutters and stone carvers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
585 | Structural metal workers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
590 | Tailors and tailoresses | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
591 | Tinsmiths, coppersmiths, and sheet metal workers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
592 | Tool makers, and die makers and setters | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
593 | Upholsterers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
594 | Craftsmen and kindred workers (n.e.c.) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
595 | Members of the armed services | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Operatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
600 | Apprentice auto mechanics | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
601 | Apprentice bricklayers and masons | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
602 | Apprentice carpenters | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
603 | Apprentice electricians | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
604 | Apprentice machinists and toolmakers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
605 | Apprentice mechanics, except auto | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
610 | Apprentice plumbers and pipe fitters | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
611 | Apprentices, building trades (n.e.c.) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
612 | Apprentices, metalworking trades (n.e.c.) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
613 | Apprentices, printing trades | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
614 | Apprentices, other specified trades | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
615 | Apprentices, trade not specified | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
620 | Asbestos and insulation workers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
621 | Attendants, auto service and parking | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
622 | Blasters and powdermen | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X |
623 | Boatmen, canalmen, and lock keepers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
624 | Brakemen, railroad | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
625 | Bus drivers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
630 | Chainmen, rodmen, and axmen, surveying | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
631 | Conductors, bus and street railway | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
632 | Deliverymen and routemen | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
633 | Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
634 | Dyers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
635 | Filers, grinders, and polishers, metal | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
640 | Fruit, nut, and vegetable graders, and packers, except factory | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · |
641 | Furnacemen, smeltermen and pourers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
642 | Heaters, metal | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
643 | Laundry and dry cleaning operatives | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
644 | Meat cutters, except slaughter and packing house | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
645 | Milliners | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
650 | Mine operatives and laborers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
660 | Motormen, mine, factory, logging camp, etc. | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
661 | Motormen, street, subway, and elevated railway | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | · |
662 | Oilers and greaser, except auto | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
670 | Painters, except construction or maintenance | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
671 | Photographic process workers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X |
672 | Power station operators | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
673 | Sailors and deck hands | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
674 | Sawyers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
675 | Spinners, textile | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
680 | Stationary firemen | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
681 | Switchmen, railroad | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
682 | Taxicab drivers and chauffers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
683 | Truck and tractor drivers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
684 | Weavers, textile | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
685 | Welders and flame cutters | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
690 | Operative and kindred workers (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Service Workers (private household): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
700 | Housekeepers, private household | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
710 | Laundresses, private household | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
720 | Private household workers (n.e.c.) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Service Workers (not household): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
730 | Attendants, hospital and other institution | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
731 | Attendants, professional and personal service (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
732 | Attendants, recreation and amusement | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X |
740 | Barbers, beauticians, and manicurists | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
750 | Bartenders | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
751 | Bootblacks | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
752 | Boarding and lodging house keepers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
753 | Charwomen and cleaners | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
754 | Cooks, except private household | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
760 | Counter and fountain workers | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · |
761 | Elevator operators | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · |
762 | Firemen, fire protection | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
763 | Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
764 | Housekeepers and stewards, except private household | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
770 | Janitors and sextons | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
771 | Marshals and constables | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
772 | Midwives | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
773 | Policemen and detectives | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
780 | Porters | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
781 | Practical nurses | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
782 | Sheriffs and bailiffs | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
783 | Ushers, recreation and amusement | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | X | · |
784 | Waiters and waitresses | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
785 | Watchmen (crossing) and bridge tenders | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
790 | Service workers, except private household (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Farm Laborers: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
810 | Farm foremen | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
820 | Farm laborers, wage workers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
830 | Farm laborers, unpaid family workers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
840 | Farm service laborers, self-employed | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Laborers: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
910 | Fishermen and oystermen | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
1930
1pct
|
1920
1pct
|
1910
1pct
|
1900
1pct
|
1880
1pct
|
1870
1pct
|
1860
1pct
|
1850
1%+
|
920 | Garage laborers and car washers and greasers | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
930 | Gardeners, except farm and groundskeepers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
940 | Longshoremen and stevedores | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
950 | Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
960 | Teamsters | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
970 | Laborers (n.e.c.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
979 | Not yet classified | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
Non-occupational response: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
980 | Keeps house/housekeeping at home/housewife | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
981 | Imputed keeping house (1850-1900) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | · |
982 | Helping at home/helps parents/housework | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
983 | At school/student | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
984 | Retired | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
985 | Unemployed/without occupation | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
986 | Invalid/disabled w/ no occupation reported | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
987 | Inmate | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
990 | New Worker | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
991 | Gentleman/lady/at leisure | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
995 | Other non-occupational response | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
997 | Occupation missing/unknown | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
999 | N/A (blank) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | X | X |
Can't find the category you are looking for? Try the Detailed codes
Comparability
User Caution: The translation of occupation codes into the 1950 classification is particularly problematic for 1980 onward. The Census Bureau significantly reorganized the occupational classification scheme in 1980 and again in 2000. Comparisons across the post-1980 period and with earlier years will be more distorted than similar comparisons across other decades. Researchers focusing on these samples should consider using OCC1990.
To make the "armed forces" occupation (code 595 in OCC1950) as comparable as possible, the IPUMS uses EMPSTAT to recode military personnel to this category for 1960 on. In 1960-1980, these persons were recoded out of the "not applicable" category, because the census form did not collect occupational data for persons currently in the armed forces. Beginning in 1990, persons in the military were to report their specific line of work (e.g., cook, clerk). This detail is not given in OCC1950 but is retained in the unrecoded OCC variable.
The 1940 "armed forces" occupation excludes commissioned officers, craftsmen, professionals, and clerical workers - they were to report their more specific line of work. Military personnel were not identified separately in the "employment status" variable in the 1940 PUMS, so they could not be recoded on that basis, as was done for 1960 on. Additional members of the armed forces in 1940 can be identified using industry (IND), but they are probably mixed with some unknown number of people who worked for the military but were not actually members of the armed forces. In the IPUMS, the EMPSTAT variable identifies members of the military in 1940 if they had either an occupation or an industry indicating attachment to the armed forces.
Before 1940, the "armed forces" occupation is also likely to undercount members of the military. It will not include military personnel who reported a more specific line of work that did not include mention of the military.
Enumerator instructions for occupation were often quite long and complicated. The specific wording of the instructions in a given year may affect how particular groups (e.g., women, children, retirees) were enumerated (see below).
Users should also take particular note of the changing universe of persons subject to the occupation question (e.g., the rising minimum ages).
In 1850-1880 and 1900, some enumerators collected information for non-universe persons that is preserved in those samples and hence in the IPUMS version of OCC.
In the 1910 and 1920 Puerto Rico samples, the OCC and OCC1950 variables are derived from different underlying variables and should be treated as independent from one another.
Universe
- 1850: Free Males age 15+.
- 1860: Free Persons age 15+.
- 1870: All persons.
- 1880: Persons age 10+ and others with a regular occupation.
- 1900: Persons age 10+ who worked or looked for work during previous twelve months, and non-working "capitalists."
- 1910-1930: All persons.
- 1940-1950: Persons age 14+ and in the labor force; not institutional inmates; not new workers.
- 1960-1970: Persons age 14+ who had worked within the previous ten years; not new workers.
- 1980-2000: Persons age 16+ who had worked within the previous five years; not new workers.
- ACS, PRCS: Persons age 16+ who had worked within the previous five years; not new workers.
Availability
- 2023: All samples
- 2022: All samples
- 2021: All samples
- 2020: All samples
- 2019: All samples
- 2018: All samples
- 2017: All samples
- 2016: All samples
- 2015: All samples
- 2014: All samples
- 2013: All samples
- 2012: All samples
- 2011: All samples
- 2010: ACS; ACS 3yr; ACS 5yr
- 2009: All samples
- 2008: All samples
- 2007: All samples
- 2006: All samples
- 2005: All samples
- 2004: All samples
- 2003: All samples
- 2002: All samples
- 2001: All samples
- 2000: All samples
- 1990: All samples
- 1980: All samples
- 1970: All samples
- 1960: All samples
- 1950: All samples
- 1940: All samples
- 1930: All samples
- 1920: All samples
- 1910: All samples
- 1900: All samples
- 1880: All samples
- 1870: All samples
- 1860: All samples
- 1850: All samples
- 2023: All samples
- 2022: All samples
- 2021: All samples
- 2020: All samples
- 2019: All samples
- 2018: All samples
- 2017: All samples
- 2016: All samples
- 2015: All samples
- 2014: All samples
- 2013: All samples
- 2012: All samples
- 2011: All samples
- 2010: PRCS; PRCS 3yr; PRCS 5yr
- 2009: All samples
- 2008: All samples
- 2007: All samples
- 2006: All samples
- 2005: All samples
- 2000: All samples
- 1990: All samples
- 1980: All samples
- 1970: All samples
- 1930: --
- 1920: All samples
- 1910: All samples
Flags
QOCCEditing Procedure
There is no editing procedure available for this variable.

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