- Description
- Codes
- Comparability
- Universe
- Availability
- Questionnaire Text
- Flags
- Source Variables
- Editing Procedure
Description
EDUC indicates respondents' educational attainment, as measured by the highest year of school or degree completed. Note that completion differs from the highest year of school attendance; for example, respondents who attended 10th grade but did not finish were classified in EDUC as having completed 9th grade. For additional detail on grade attendance, see GRADEATT as well as the detailed version of HIGRADE.
Codes and Frequencies
An 'X' indicates the category is available for that sample
| Code | Label |
2023
acs
|
2022
acs
|
2021
acs
|
2016
acs
|
2011
acs
|
2006
acs
|
2000
1pct
|
1990
1pct
|
1980
1pct
|
1970
met2
|
1970
met1
|
1960
1pct
|
1950
1pct
|
1940
1pct
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 00 | N/A or no schooling | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 01 | Nursery school to grade 4 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 02 | Grade 5, 6, 7, or 8 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 03 | Grade 9 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 04 | Grade 10 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 05 | Grade 11 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 06 | Grade 12 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 07 | 1 year of college | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 08 | 2 years of college | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 09 | 3 years of college | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 10 | 4 years of college | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 11 | 5+ years of college | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 99 | Missing | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
Can't find the category you are looking for? Try the Detailed codes
Comparability
In the 1940-1980 censuses, all respondents were classified according to the highest year of school completed. Since 1990, this has been true only for respondents who have not completed high school; all high school graduates have been classified according to their highest degree earned. EDUC merges these two schemes by assigning each degree the number of years it typically takes: "2 years of college" for associate's degrees; "4 years of college" for bachelor's degrees; and "5+ years of college" for graduate and professional degrees.
This variable has both general and detailed versions. The general version collapses much of the detail available in each year, but is largely comparable across years. The exception is that the 1990 census form provided detailed directions on what types of degrees counted. Persons educated in un-graded or foreign schools were to estimate the American equivalent of their educational attainment. Vocational, trade, and business certificates were to be reported only if they were college-level degrees. The instructions specifically excluded barber and cosmetology schools and other training schools. Honorary degrees were not to be reported. The form for the 2000 census, the ACS and the PRCS provided examples of degrees that counted but did not specify what types of training should not be reported.
The detailed version includes all information in each year, but the dramatic changes over time in the measurement of educational attainment means that not all categories are available in each year. For example, the general code "5+ years of college" includes the following detailed codes: "6 years of college" (available only in 1960-1980); "7 years of college" and "8+ years of college" (available only in 1980); and "Master's degree", "Professional degree", and "Doctoral degree" (available only 1990 and onward). Users who perform case selection based on EDUC should carefully examine which codes are available in each year.
Users should note that in the 1940 full count sample enumerators were instructed to only record education up to 5 years of college. However, some enumerators recorded additional years of college; thus, the data contains legitimate cases of education values that are greater than 5+ years.
The detailed codes include "N/A or No Schooling", "N/A", and "No Schooling." Users should be aware that these codes are slightly different depending on the year. These differences result from varying age restrictions for each sample. To preserve detail in the original years, these codes are kept distinct. In the 1950 sample, people too young to attend school and those who never attended school are lumped together as code 000 'N/A or No Schooling'. For the other years, the N/A and "No Schooling" are coded as follows:
1960: Persons Younger than 5 coded 001 N/A
1970: Persons Younger than 3 coded 001 N/A
1980: Persons Younger than 4 coded 000 'N/A or No Schooling'
1990-onward: Persons Younger than 3coded N/A.
Universe
- 1940: All persons.
- 1950: Sample-line persons.
- 1960-2000: All persons.
- ACS, PRCS: All persons.
Availability
- 2023: All samples
- 2022: All samples
- 2021: All samples
- 2020: All samples
- 2019: All samples
- 2018: All samples
- 2017: All samples
- 2016: All samples
- 2015: All samples
- 2014: All samples
- 2013: All samples
- 2012: All samples
- 2011: All samples
- 2010: ACS; ACS 3yr; ACS 5yr
- 2009: All samples
- 2008: All samples
- 2007: All samples
- 2006: All samples
- 2005: All samples
- 2004: All samples
- 2003: All samples
- 2002: All samples
- 2001: All samples
- 2000: All samples
- 1990: All samples
- 1980: All samples
- 1970: All samples
- 1960: All samples
- 1950: All samples
- 1940: All samples
- 1930: --
- 1920: --
- 1910: --
- 1900: --
- 1880: --
- 1870: --
- 1860: --
- 1850: --
- 2023: All samples
- 2022: All samples
- 2021: All samples
- 2020: All samples
- 2019: All samples
- 2018: All samples
- 2017: All samples
- 2016: All samples
- 2015: All samples
- 2014: All samples
- 2013: All samples
- 2012: All samples
- 2011: All samples
- 2010: PRCS; PRCS 3yr; PRCS 5yr
- 2009: All samples
- 2008: All samples
- 2007: All samples
- 2006: All samples
- 2005: All samples
- 2000: All samples
- 1990: All samples
- 1980: All samples
- 1970: All samples
- 1930: --
- 1920: --
- 1910: --
Questionnaire Text
| 2023 ACS | 2011 ACS | 1980 1% | 1950 1% |
| 2022 ACS | 2006 ACS | 1970 Form 2 Metro | 1940 1% |
| 2021 ACS | 2000 1% | 1970 Form 1 Metro | |
| 2016 ACS | 1990 1% | 1960 1% |
[ ] Kindergarten
[ ] Grade 1 through 11 -- Specify grade 1-11 --> [ ][ ]
[ ] 12th grade -- NO DIPLOMA
[ ] GED or alternative credential COLLEGE OR SOME COLLEGE
[ ] Some college credit, but less than 1 year of college credit
[ ] 1 or more years of college credit, no degree
[ ] Associate's degree (for example: AA, AS)
[ ] Bachelor's degree (for example: BA, BS)
[ ] Professional degree beyond a bachelor's degree (for example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD)
[ ] Doctorate degree (for example: PhD, EdD)
[ ] Kindergarten
[ ] Grade 1 through 11 -- Specify grade 1-11 --> [ ][ ]
[ ] 12th grade -- NO DIPLOMA
[ ] GED or alternative credential COLLEGE OR SOME COLLEGE
[ ] Some college credit, but less than 1 year of college credit
[ ] 1 or more years of college credit, no degree
[ ] Associate's degree (for example: AA, AS)
[ ] Bachelor's degree (for example: BA, BS)
[ ] Professional degree beyond a bachelor's degree (for example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD)
[ ] Doctorate degree (for example: PhD, EdD)
[ ] Kindergarten
[ ] Grade 1 through 11 -- Specify grade 1-11 --> [ ][ ]
[ ] 12th grade -- NO DIPLOMA
[ ] GED or alternative credential COLLEGE OR SOME COLLEGE
[ ] Some college credit, but less than 1 year of college credit
[ ] 1 or more years of college credit, no degree
[ ] Associate's degree (for example: AA, AS)
[ ] Bachelor's degree (for example: BA, BS)
[ ] Professional degree beyond a bachelor's degree (for example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD)
[ ] Doctorate degree (for example: PhD, EdD)
[ ] Kindergarten
[ ] Grade 1 through 11 -- Specify grade 1-11 --> [ ][ ]
[ ] 12th grade -- NO DIPLOMA
[ ] GED or alternative credential COLLEGE OR SOME COLLEGE
[ ] Some college credit, but less than 1 year of college credit
[ ] 1 or more years of college credit, no degree
[ ] Associate's degree (for example: AA, AS)
[ ] Bachelor's degree (for example: BA, BS)
[ ] Professional degree beyond a bachelor's degree (for example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD)
[ ] Doctorate degree (for example: PhD, EdD)
Report schooling completed in foreign or ungraded schools as the equivalent level of schooling in the regular American school system.
Mark the "GED or alternative credential" box for persons who did not receive a regular high school diploma but completed high school by receiving a GED or other formal recognition of high school completion from a school or governmental authority.
If the person has not completed any college courses for credit, mark the highest level completed below the college level. If the person has not completed enough credit to be counted as a sophomore, mark the "Some college credit, but less than 1 year of college credit" box.
For the "Professional degree beyond a bachelor's degree" category, DO NOT include certificates or diplomas for training in specific trades or occupations such as computer and electronics technology, medical assistant, or cosmetology. DO NOT include post-bachelor's certificates that are related to occupational training in such fields as teaching, accounting, or engineering.
[ ] Kindergarten
[ ] Grade 1 through 11 -- Specify grade 1-11 --> [ ][ ]
[ ] 12th grade -- NO DIPLOMA
[ ] GED or alternative credential COLLEGE OR SOME COLLEGE
[ ] Some college credit, but less than 1 year of college credit
[ ] 1 or more years of college credit, no degree
[ ] Associate's degree (for example: AA, AS)
[ ] Bachelor's degree (for example: BA, BS)
[ ] Professional degree beyond a bachelor's degree (for example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD)
[ ] Doctorate degree (for example: PhD, EdD)
Report schooling completed in foreign or ungraded schools as the equivalent level of schooling in the regular American school system.
Mark the "GED or alternative credential" box for persons who did not receive a regular high school diploma but completed high school by receiving a GED or other formal recognition of high school completion from a school or governmental authority.
If the person has not completed any college courses for credit, mark the highest level completed below the college level. If the person has not completed enough credit to be counted as a sophomore, mark the "Some college credit, but less than 1 year of college credit" box.
For the "Professional degree beyond a bachelor's degree" category, DO NOT include certificates or diplomas for training in specific trades or occupations such as computer and electronics technology, medical assistant, or cosmetology. DO NOT include post-bachelor's certificates that are related to occupational training in such fields as teaching, accounting, or engineering.
Mark (X) ONE box. If currently enrolled, mark the previous grade or highest degree received.
[ ] No schooling completed
[ ] Nursery school to 4th grade
[ ] 5th grade or 6th grade
[ ] 7th grade or 8th grade
[ ] 9th grade
[ ] 10th grade
[ ] 11th grade
[ ] 12th grade - NO DIPLOMA
[ ] HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE - high school DIPLOMA or the equivalent (for example: GED)
[ ] Some college credit, but less than 1 year
[ ] 1 or more years of college, no degree
[ ] Associate degree (for example: AA, AS)
[ ] Bachelor's degree (for example: BA, AB, BS)
[ ] Master's degree (for example: MA, MS, MEng, MEd, MSW, MBA)
[ ] Professional degree (for example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD)
[ ] Doctorate degree (for example: PhD, EdD)
Report schooling completed in foreign or ungraded schools as the equivalent level of schooling in the regular American school system.
For persons who completed high school by passing an equivalency test, such as the General Educational Development (GED) examination, and did not attend college, mark the "High School Graduate" box.
Some of the examples of Professional school degrees include medicine, dentistry, chiropractic, optometry, osteopathic medicine, pharmacy, podiatry, veterinary medicine, law, and theology.
DO NOT include certificates, diplomas or degrees for training on specific trades such as computer and electronics technology, auto repair, medical assistant, cosmetology, and other fields at vocational, technical or business schools.
DO NOT include honorary degrees awarded by colleges and universities to individuals for their accomplishments. Include only "earned" degrees.
[] Nursery school to 4th grade
[] 5th grade or 6th grade 7th grade or 8th grade
[] 9th grade
[] 10th grade
[] 11th grade
[] 12th grade, NO DIPLOMA
[] HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE - high school DIPLOMA or the equivalent
(for example: GED)
[] Some college credit, but less than 1 year
[] 1 or more years of college, no degree
[] Associate degree (for example: AA, AS)
[] Bachelor's degree (for example: BA, AB, BS)
[] Master's degree (for example: MA, MS, MEng, MEd, MSW, MBA)
[] Professional degree (for example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD)
[] Doctorate degree (for example: PhD, EdD)
Fill ONE circle for the highest level COMPLETED or degree RECEIVED. If currently enrolled, mark the level of previous grade attended or highest degree received.
[] No school completed
[] Nursery school
[] Kindergarten
[] 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th grade
[] 5th, 6th, 7th, or 8th grade
[] 9th grade
[] 10th grade
[] 11th grade
[] 12th grade, NO DIPLOMA
[] HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE - high school DIPLOMA or the equivalent (For example: GED)
[] Some college but no degree
[] Associate degree in college - Occupational program
[] Associate degree in college - Academic program
[] Bachelor?s degree (For example: BA, AB, BS)
[] Master?s degree (For example: MA, MS, MEng, MEd, MSW, MBA)
[] Professional school degree (For example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD) O Doctorate degree (For example: PhD, EdD)
9. What is the highest grade (or year) of regular school this person has ever attended?
Fill one circle. If now attending school, mark grade person is in. If high school was finished by equivalency test (GED), mark "12."
[] Nursery school[] Kindergarten
Elementary through high school (grade or year)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
College (academic year)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 or more
[] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
[]Never attended school - Skip question 10
"Fill only one circle. Mark the highest grade ever attended even if the person did not finish it. If the person is still in school, mark the grade in which now enrolled. Schooling received in foreign or ungraded schools should be reported as the equivalent grade or year in the regular American school system. If uncertain whether a Head Start program is for nursery school or kindergarten, mark the circle for Nursery school.
"If the person skipped or repeated grades, mark the highest grade ever attended regardless of how long it took to get there. Persons who did not attend any college but who completed high school by finishing the 12th grade or by passing an equivalency test, such as the General Educational Development (GED) examination. should fill the circle for the 12th grade."
10. Did this person finish the highest grade (or year) attended?
Fill once circle.
[] Finished this grade (or year)
[] Did not finish this grade (or year)
"Mark Finished this grade (or year) only if the person finished the entiregrade or year marked in question 9 or if the highest grade was completed by passing a high school equivalency test."
21. What is the highest grade (or year) of regular school he has ever attended?
[] Never attended school - Skip to 23
[] Nursery school
[] Kindergarten
Elementary through high school (grade or year)
[] 1
[] 2
[] 3
[] 4
[] 5
[] 6
[] 7
[] 8
[] 9
College (academic year)
[] 1
[] 2
[] 3
[] 4
[] 5
[] 6 or more
"Mark the highest grade he attended even if he did not finish it. If he is still in school, mark the grade he is in now. If he skipped or repeated grades, mark the highest grade ever attended, regardless of how long it took to get there. If he finished high school, but did not go to college, mark 12. For college, mark the highest academic year attended."
[All]
22. Did he finish the highest grade (or year) he attended?
[] Finished this grade (or year)
[] Did not finish this grade (or year)
"Mark Finished this grade (or year) only if he finished the entire grade or year shown in question 21."
21. What is the highest grade (or year) of regular school he has ever attended?
[] Never attended school - Skip to 23
[] Nursery school
[] Kindergarten
Elementary through high school (grade or year)
[] 1
[] 2
[] 3
[] 4
[] 5
[] 6
[] 7
[] 8
[] 9
College (academic year)
[] 1
[] 2
[] 3
[] 4
[] 5
[] 6 or more
"Mark the highest grade he attended even if he did not finish it. If he is still in school, mark the grade he is in now. If he skipped or repeated grades, mark the highest grade ever attended, regardless of how long it took to get there. If he finished high school, but did not go to college, mark 12. For college, mark the highest academic year attended."
[All]
22. Did he finish the highest grade (or year) he attended?
[] Finished this grade (or year)
[] Did not finish this grade (or year)
"Mark Finished this grade (or year) only if he finished the entire grade or year shown in question 21."
[] Kindergarten
[] 2
[] 3
[] 4
[] 5
[] 6
[] 7
[] 8
[] 2
[] 3
[] 4
[] 2
[] 3
[] 4
[] 5
[] 6 or more
[] Did not finish this grade
[] Never attended school
205. Item 26. Enter highest grade of regular school ever attended.-Enter the highest grade of school that this person has ever attended in a regular school. This may be the grade he is now attending.
Enter the highest grade attended regardless of "skipped" or "repeated" grades. If the person reached a given grade or year of school in less time or in more time than is usually required, enter the grade or year of school attended (and not the number of years taken). For example, a child attending the seventh grade after only 5 years in school should be coded "S7," and a person who took 5 years to complete 4 years of college should be coded "C4."
206. "Regular" school.-The highest grade attended in a regular school refers to formal education obtained in graded public, private, or parochial schools, colleges, universities, or professional schools, whether day school or night school, and whether attendance was full time or part time. That is, "regular" schooling is that which advances a person toward an. elementary or high school diploma, or a college, university, or professional school degree.
207. "Nonregular" schools.-Do not count education or training received in the following, because they are usually not "regular" schools:
208. Codes.-Use the following codes to indicate the highest grade attended in item 26.
[Format modified from original instructions:]
209. Nursery schools.-For children who have attended nursery school only, enter "0" as highest grade attended.
210. Seven-year elementary school system.-In some areas, the school system has or used to have 7 years of elementary school and 4 years of high school. Enter "S7" for persons who attended only the 7 years (that is, no high school) . However, for persons who attended some high school, following their 7th grade, use the code "S9," "S10," etc., whichever is applicable. For example, a person who attended the third year of high school following 7 grades of elementary school, should be coded "S11."
211. Junior high school.-For persons who attended their highest grade in junior high school, do not assume that the correct entries will always be "S7," "S8," or "S9," although in most instances this will be true. In some junior-senior high school systems, the correct junior high codes may start with "S6," or end with "S10."
212. Post-graduate high school.-Enter "S12" for persons who have attended "post-graduate" high school courses after completing high school, but have not attended regular college.
214. Foreign schools.-For education obtained in foreign schools, enter the approximate equivalent grade in the American school system. If you cannot determine the approximate equivalent grade, determine the number of years the person attended school.
215. Ungraded schools.-Treat education obtained in ungraded schools in the same way as foreign schools in the above paragraph. Enter the regular school equivalent, or the number of years of attendance. For the person whose level of education was measured by "readers," the first reader is roughly equivalent to the first grade, second reader to the second grade, etc.
216. Tutor.-Enter the approximate equivalent in the regular school system for education received from a tutor.
Flags
QEDUCEditing Procedure
SCHOOL (School attendance) GRADEATT (Grade level attending) EDUC (Educational attainment)
ACS Years: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015
ACS editing procedure:
Note: In 2008, there was change to the editing procedures where groups of ages and grade levels that had previously been grouped together were addressed separately. For brevity, we detail the editing rules for the groups.
If all cases, the flag variables will indicate when the value was allocated (QSCHOOL, QGRADEAT, QEDUC).
If a person's age (AGE) is less than 3, SCHOOL, GRADEATT, and EDUC will all be replaced with "Not in universe."
The ACS asks if the person attended public or private school. This detail is not available in the IPUMS data. When the information on public or private school is missing, it will be allocated. When school enrollment is "Yes" and GRADEATT is not missing, the public/private value will be allocated from another person with a similar value for AGE and GRADATT. When school enrollment is "Yes" and educational attainment (EDUC) is not missing, the public/private value will be allocated from another person with the same value of EDUC. If the public/private value remains missing for someone with a "Yes" for school enrollment, it will be allocated from another person with a similar age.
For those who report not being in school, but do report attending a grade
If a person 18 or older (AGE) reports not being enrolled in school (SCHOOL), GRADEATT will be made "Not in universe." If a person 18 to 20 has a missing value for SCHOOL and reports being in Grade 8 or lower, SCHOOL and GRADEATT will both be replaced with a missing value. If a person 18 to 20 has a missing value for SCHOOL and reports being in Grade 9 or higher, SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT.
If a person 21 or older has a missing value for SCHOOL and reports being in Grade 12 or lower, SCHOOL and GRADEATT will both be replaced with a missing value. If a person 21 or older has a missing value for SCHOOL and reports being college or higher, SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT.
If a person 3 to 4 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in nursery school or kindergarten (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 3 to 4 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than kindergarten, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe."
If a person who is 5 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in nursery school through fourth grade (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 5 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than grade 5, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe."
If a person who is 6 to 7 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in kindergarten through fourth grade (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 6 to 7 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than grade 5 or in nursery school/preschool, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, ages 6 and 7 were no longer grouped for this step.
If a person who is 8 to 11 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 1 through grade 8 (GRADATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 8 to 11 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than grade 8 or in nursery school through kindergarten, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, ages 8 to 11 were no longer grouped for this step.
If a person who is 12 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 1 through grade 12 (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 12 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than grade 12 or in nursery school through kindergarten, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe."
If a person who is 13-14 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 5 through grade 12 (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 13-14 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than grade 12 or in nursery school through grade 4, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, ages 13 and 14 were no longer grouped for this step.
If a person who is 15 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 5 through undergraduate college (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 15 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in graduate or professional school or in nursery school through grade 4, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe."
If a person who is 16 to 17 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 9 through grade 12 (GRADEATT) and educational attainment (EDUC) is grade 7 to grade 12 no degree or missing, SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person who is 16 to 17 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in college (GRADEATT) and educational attainment (EDUC) is high school graduate to associate degree, SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person who is 16 to 17 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 9 through grade 12 (GRADEATT) and educational attainment (EDUC) is less than grade 6 or more than grade 12, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." If a person who is 16 to 17 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in college (GRADEATT) and educational attainment (EDUC) is less than a high school degree or more than an associate's degree, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." If a person 16 to 17 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in graduate or professional school, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, ages 16 and 17 were no longer grouped for this step.
For those whose age is inconsistent with grade attending
If a person has a "Yes" or a missing value for attending school and the grade they attend (GRADEATT) is inconsistent with their age, GRADEATT will be replaced with a missing value. While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, each age was addressed separately instead of being grouped together.
GRADEATT will be replaced with a missing value if:
- A person is 3 to 4 years old and reports being in grade 1 or higher
- A person is 5 years old reports being in grade 5 or higher
- A person is 6-7 years old and reports being in nursery school, or grade 5 or higher
- A person is 8-11 years old and reports being in nursey school, kindergarten, or grade 9 or higher
- A person is 12 years old and reports being in nursey school, kindergarten, or grade 12 or higher
- A person is 13-14 years old and reports being in lower than grade 4 or higher than grade 12
- A person is 15-18 years old and reports being in lower than grade 4 and educational attainment (EDUC) is less than grade 4: both EDUC and GRADEATT will be replaced with missing values
- A person is 15-18 years old and reports being in lower than grade 4 and educational attainment (EDUC) is grade 5 or higher or missing
- A person is 15-18 years old and reports being in graduate school
- A person is over 19 and reports being in less than grade 4 and EDUC is less than grade 4: SCHOOL will be replaced with "No" and GRADEATT will be replaced with a missing value
- A person is over 19 and reports being in less than grade 4 and EDUC is grade 5 or higher or missing
If a person's educational attainment (EDUC) is inconsistent with their age, EDUC will be replaced with a missing value. While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, each age was addressed separately instead of being grouped together.
EDUC will be replaced with a missing value if:
- A person is 3-7 years old and EDUC is greater than grade 4
- A person is 8-9 years old, and EDUC is greater than grade 6
- A person is 10-11 years old, and EDUC is greater than grade 8
- A person is 12 years old and EDUC is greater than grade 9
- A person is 13 years old and EDUC is greater than grade 10
- A person is 14 years old and EDUC is greater than grade 11
- A person is 15 years old and EDUC is greater than "Some college, no degree"
- A person is 16-18 years old and EDUC is greater than "Associates degree in college"
- A person is 19 years old and EDUC is greater than "Bachelor's degree"
- A person is 20 years old and EDUC is greater than "Master's degree"
While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, each grade level was addressed separately instead of being grouped together.
If grade attending (GRADEATT) is between grade 1 and grade 4, and educational attainment (EDUC) is greater than grade 4, EDUC will be replaced with a missing value for those 8 to 10 years old and GRADEATT will be replaced with missing for those 11 to 12 years old.
If grade attending (GRADEATT) is between grade 5 and grade 8:
- If educational attainment (EDUC) is "No schooling completed" and AGE is between 8 and 12, EDUC will be replaced with a missing value
- If educational attainment (EDUC) less than grade 5, and AGE is between 13 and 15, EDUC will be replaced with a missing value
- If educational attainment (EDUC) greater than grade 8, and AGE is between 8 and 14, EDUC will be replaced with a missing value
- If educational attainment (EDUC) is equal to grade 9 and AGE is 15, GRADATT will be replaced with a missing value
- If educational attainment (EDUC) is greater than grade 9 and AGE is 15, EDUC will be replaced with a missing value
- If educational attainment (EDUC) is greater than grade 8 and AGE is 16-17, GRADEATT will be replaced with a missing value.
- If educational attainment (EDUC) is less than grade 5 and AGE is 16-17, EDUC will be replaced with a missing value.
- If educational attainment (EDUC) is less than grade 4 and AGE is 18+, EDUC will be replaced with a missing value.
- If educational attainment (EDUC) is greater than grade 8 and AGE is 18+, GRADEATT will be replaced with a missing value.
If grade attending (GRADEATT) is grade 9 to grade 12:
- If EDUC is greater than "Associates degree" and AGE is 14-17, EDUC will be replaced with a missing value
- If EDUC is greater than "Associate degree" and AGE is 18-20, EDUC will be replaced with a missing value.
- If EDUC is greater than "Associate degree" and AGE is 21+, GRADEATT will be replaced with a missing value
If grade attending (GRADEATT) is "College undergraduate years":
- If EDUC is grade 7 through grade 12 (no diploma) and AGE is 14-15, GRADEATT will be replaced with a missing value.
- If EDUC is grade 9 through grade 12 (no diploma), and AGE is 16-17, GRADEATT will be replaced with a missing value
If grade attending is graduate school or professional school
- If EDUC is less than high school graduate and AGE is 18+, make SCHOOL "No" and GRADATT "Not in universe"
- If EDUC is high school graduate through "1+ years of college, no degree" and AGE is 18+, GRADEATT will be replaced with a missing value
- If EDUC is "Associates degree" and AGE is 18+, GRADEATT will be replaced with "College undergraduate years"
If school enrollment (SCHOOL) is "Yes" but GRADEATT is missing:
While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, each age was addressed separately instead of being grouped together.
Starting in 2010, if a person was interview during non-summer months, reports attending grade 12, and EDUC is high school diploma or GED, both GRADEATT and EDUC will be replaced with a missing value.
Allocating the missing values
If AGE is 3+ and SCHOOL is missing and GRADEATT is not missing, SCHOOL will be allocated from another person with a similar AGE and GRADEATT. If EDUC is missing, EDUC will be allocated from another person with a similar AGE and GRADEATT.
If AGE is 3+ and SCHOOL and GRADEATT are both missing, they will be allocated from another person with similar values for AGE, EDUC, and HISPAN. If SCHOOL, GRADEATT, and EDUC are all missing, they will be allocated from another person with similar values for EMPSTAT, OCC, AGE, RACE, and HISPAN.
If AGE is 3+ and SCHOOL is "Yes," GRADEATT is non-missing, but EDUC is missing, EDUC will be allocated from another person with similar values for AGE and GRADEATT. If AGE is 3+ and SCHOOL is "Yes," EDUC is non-missing, and GRADEATT is missing, GRADEATT will be allocated from another person with similar values for AGE and EDUC. If AGE is 3+ and SCHOOL is "Yes," EDUC and GRADEATT are both is missing, they will be allocated from another person with similar values for AGE, RACE, HISPAN, EMPSTAT, and OCC.
If AGE is 3+ and SCHOOL is "No," GRADEATT is "Not in Universe," and EDUC is missing, EDUC will be allocated from another person with similar values for AGE, RACE, HISPAN, EMPSTAT, and OCC.
Internal ACS variable : SCH SCHG SCHL