1910 Hispanic Oversample: Data Dictionary (Person Records)

EDUCATION VARIABLES

SCHOOL - P 110

School attendance

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

SCHOOL indicates whether or not the respondent attended school within the past year. In the 1910 census, the cutoff date was September 1 of the previous year. "School" in 1910 was defined as any school, college or educational institution.

Flags: QSCHOOL.

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
No, not in school	1	293270	80562
Yes, in school	2	72969	14955

LIT - P 114

Literacy

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: Persons age 20 and over.

Description:

LIT indicates whether or not the respondent could read and/or write in any language.

Flags: QLIT.

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
N/A	0	81171	25041
No, illiterate (can't read or write)	1	21070	19159
Can't read, can write	2	134	88
Can't write, can read	3	3794	1212
Yes, literate (reads and writes)	4	260070	50017

WORK VARIABLES

EMPSTAT - P 116 General
P 116-117 Detailed

Employment status

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: Employees (see CLASSWKR).

M User Caution: The universe in 1910 is very restricted. EMPSTAT is not available for employers or self-employed persons.

Description:

EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was a part of the labor force and, if so, whether or not he/she was currently unemployed. The second digit preserves additional related information available for some census years but not for 1910. EMPSTAT gives more information than the related variable, LABFORCE, which is simply a dichotomous variable identifying those people who have an occupation (but does not identify those who are currently unemployed). The variable CLASSWKR indicates whether a person was an employer, self-employed, or an employee. There are numerous other variables that yield information on other types of work.

The term "labor force" came into use in the 1930s but older censuses asked respondents a series of questions designed to determine their employment status. The 1910 census asked questions very similar to those used to identify the labor force in later years. Respondents in 1910 were to report their employment status on the day the census was taken (April 15, 1910). In later years, respondents were to report their employment status as it applied to a "reference week." In these years, persons who did any amount of work for pay or profit during any portion of the reference week were considered to be employed, even if they no longer considered themselves employed by the end of the week. In 1910, these persons would have been considered unemployed.

Definitions:

• Labor force: In all years the labor force essentially consists of all persons defined as "employed" or "unemployed":

  • Employed persons:

    • employers, owners/operators of businesses and/or farms who pay others to work for their operation(s). This does not include people who hire others to do housekeeping or other work that is not directly related to any business or farm operation.
    • self-employed persons, who operate their own business, practice, farm, etc., or who in any other way regularly work independently to earn a living.
    • employees, who work for an employer and receive wages, salaries, room and board, or other compensation for their efforts. This includes domestic employees who are regularly paid to work for any employer(s). It also includes corporate employees.
    • unpaid family workers, who are generally spouses or children who regularly assist the family head in running a family business or farm, but who receive no direct monetary compensation. However, general housekeeping or chores not directly related to the running of the family business/farm do not count as "unpaid family work."
    • persons who fit into more than one of these four categories were to be classified according to their principal source of income.
    • The censuses generally considered persons engaged in running boarding/lodging houses as employed if the operation met certain criteria. In 1910, keeping a boarding or lodging house was considered employment only if their operation was the principle means by which the person made a living, and not if it was only a means of "supplementing or eking out the earnings or income obtained from other occupations or other sources."

  • Unemployed persons: people who do not currently have a job, are looking for a job, and have not yet found one. This does not include any employers or self-employed persons, nor does it include any employees who have jobs but are temporarily not "at work" because they are on vacation, or recovering from health problems, or waiting for better weather, etc.

    • Strikers or locked-out workers are generally not considered unemployed unless they do not plan to return to their old job and are currently looking for another one. In 1910, all strikers were considered employed.
    • Laid-off workers are generally considered unemployed unless they are reasonably sure they will return to work soon. In 1910, there were no specific instructions regarding laid-off workers who planned to return to their old jobs and were not looking for new ones.
    • As noted above, a worker who was unemployed on the single day of April 15, 1910, would be considered unemployed, while in later years that worker needed to be unemployed for the entire reference week to be considered unemployed.
• Not in labor force: This is a residual category that includes all persons old enough to be included in the universe, but who do not fit any of the above definitions of labor force participation (employment and unemployment). In other words, a person is not in the labor force if s/he does not operate any farm or business; does not have a job; does not work for pay; is not an unpaid family worker; and is not looking for or available for work. The bulk of the category is comprised of full-time housewives or homemakers, retirees, students who have no other occupation, people permanently unable to work, people who simply choose not to work, and full-time househusbands. For 1910, this category contains many children, since the census did not exclude them from the universe.

Flags: QEMPSTAT.

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
N/A	00	40715	8089
Employed	10	108449	27440
Unemployed	20	5452	2421
Not in labor force	30	211623	57567

LABFORCE - P 118

Labor force status

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons age16+.

Description:

LABFORCE is a dichotomous variable identifying whether or not a person participated in the labor force. Participation in 1910 is defined as having any gainful occupation, as recorded in OCC. See also EMPSTAT.

Flags: QOCC.

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
N/A	0	124179	36665
No	1	96460	22884
Yes	2	145600	35968

OCC - P 122-124

Occupation

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

OCC is an unrecorded variable that records the person's primary occupation. (Some non-occupational activities are also recorded.) Generally, the primary occupation is that from which the person earns the most money; if the respondent was not sure about this, s/he was to report the one at which s/he spent the most time. Unemployed persons were to give their most recent occupation. If persons listed more than one occupation, the PUMS used the first one listed.

The occupations are classified according to the contemporary Census Bureau classification system. 1910 occupation codes are described on pages 2.20.23 - 2.20.30.

The 1910 classification incorporates function as well as setting and sector, and is very detailed. (The variables IND and IND1950 also classify work in this way).

Another key occupational variable, OCC1950, recodes the OCC codes into a common classification system - the one used in 1950. OCC and OCC1950 are discussed at length in the general discussion of occupational coding in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide.

User Note:

Enumerator instructions for occupation were often quite long and complicated. The specific wording of the instructions in a given year may affect how particular groups (e.g., women, children, retirees) were enumerated. See the 1910 Enumerator Instructions in the IPUMS-98, Volume III, Counting the Past.

Codes and Frequencies:

See 1910 Occupation Codes (p. 2.20.23).
For 1950, see OCC1950 codes.

OCC1950 - P 119-121

Occupation, 1950 basis

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

OCC1950 recodes information contained in the variable OCC into the 1950 Census Bureau occupational classification system. Its purpose is to enhance comparability of occupational data across all years contained in the IPUMS. The design of OCC1950 is described at length in our general discussion of occupational coding. See "Occupation Codes and Income Scores" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide. Occupations were coded directly into the 1950 classifications for the Hispanic Oversample and were recoded from 1910 occupations for the 1910 PUMS.

User Note: See OCC User Note.

Flags: QOCC.

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
Professional, Technical:
Accountants & auditors	000		19
Actors & actresses	001	119	23
Airline pilots & navigators	002		1
Architects	003	66	7
Artists & art teachers	004	142	10
Athletes	005		2
Authors	006	8
Chemists	007	61	17
Clergymen	009	496	69
College presidents & deans	010		1
Professors & Instructors:	012		2
Agricultural sciences
Engineering	016		1
Mathematics	018		1
Nonscientific subjects	028		1
Subject not specified	029	102	11
Dentists	032	169	10
Designers	033	41
Draftsmen	035	132	3
Editors & reporters	036	139	14
Engineers:
Chemical	042		1
Civil	043	193	45
Electrical	044		8
Mechanical	046	58	11
Metallurgical (& metallurgists)	047		3
Mining	048	41	45
Engineers, n.e.c.	049		7
Entertainers, n.e.c.	051	89	7
Foresters & conservationists	053	17	10
Funeral directors & embalmers	054	70	5
Lawyers & judges	055	446	50
Librarians	056		1
Musicians & teachers	057	567	126
Nurses, professional	058	386	25
Nurses, student	059		6
Optometrists	070		1
Pharmacists	073		39
Photographers	074	126	31
Physicians & surgeons	075	616	71
Recreation & workers	077		1
Religious workers	078	78	36
Social welfare workers - except group	079	2
Surveyors	092		9
Teachers, n.e.c.	093	2479	241
Technicians, n.e.c.	096		1
Therapists & healers,n.e.c.	097	30	2
Veterinarians	098	49
Professional, technical & kindred workers, n.e.c.	099	88	14
Farmers:
Farmers (owners & tenants)	100	24010	3642
Farm managers	123		46
Managers, Officials, & Proprietors:
Buyers & shippers - farm products	201		12
Conductors - railroad	203	241	48
Floormen & floor managers - store	205	72
Inspectors - public administration	210		24
Managers & superintendents - building	230		4
Officers, pilots, pursers & engineers, ship	240	98	27
Officials & administratators, n.e.c., public administration	250	457	46
Officials - lodge, society, union, etc.	260	24	2
Postmasters	270		28
Purchasing agents & buyers, n.e.c.	280		1
Managers, officials, & Proprietors, n.e.c.	290	9045	1454
Clerical & Kindred:
Agents, n.e.c.	300	217	53
Attendants & assistants - library	301		1
Attendants - physician's & dentist's office	302		2
Baggagemen - Transportation	304	52	9
Bank tellers	305		8
Bookkeepers	310	1923	168
Cashiers	320		46
Collectors - bill & account	321	132	31
Express messengers & railway mail clerks	325	73	14
Mail carriers	335	337	21
Messengers & office boys	340	400	20
Shipping & receiving clerks	342	309	23
Stenographers,typists,& secretaries	350	1231	87
Telegraph messengers	360	29	9
Telegraph operators	365	272	43
Telephone operators	370	380	25
Ticket,station, & express agents	380	119	29
Clerical& kindred workers, n.e.c.	390	2568	254
Sales Workers:
Advertising agents & salesmen	400		4
Auctioneers	410	10
Demonstrators	420	15
Hucksters & peddlers	430		143
Insurance agents & brokers	450	309	15
Newsboys	460	116	19
Real estate agents & brokers	470	513	62
Stock & bond salesmen	480	65
Salesmen & salesclerks, n.e.c.	490	5699	776
Craftsmen:
Bakers	500	295	104
Blacksmiths	501	951	167
Bookbinders	502		4
Boilermakers	503	159	47
Brickmasons,stonemasons, & tile setters	504	730	119
Cabinetmakers	505	165	11
Carpenters	510	3253	601
Cement & concrete finishers	511		1
Compositors & typesetters	512	522	67
Cranemen,derrickmen,& hoistmen	513		5
Decorators & window dressers	514	23	2
Electricians	515	520	44
Electrotypers & stereotypers	520	25
Engravers	521	54	1
Excavating, grading & road machinery operators	522		4
Foremen, n.e.c.	523	1172	201
Forgemen & hammermen	524	30
Heat treaters, anealers, & temperers	531	5
Inspectors, scalers, & graders - log & lumber	532		4
Inspectors, n.e.c.	533	198	29
Jewelers,watchmakers,goldsmiths & silversmiths	534	112	11
Linemen & servicemen - telegraph, telephone & power	540	99	17
Locomotive engineers	541	423	63
Locomotive firemen	542	284	59
Loom fixer	543	50
Machinists	544	1883	76
Mechanics & repairmen:
Automobile	550		2
Railroad & car shop	553		68
Mechanics & repairmen, n.e.c.	554	162	59
Millers - grain, flour, feed, etc	555	86	19
Millwrights	560		2
Molders - metal	561	491	10
Motion picture projectionists	562		5
Opticians, lens grinders & polishers	563		1
Painters - construction & maintenance	564	1106	168
Paperhangers	565	96	9
Pattern & model makers, except paper	570	94	4
Photoengravers & lithographers	571	29	1
Piano & organ tuners & repairmen	572	36	1
Plasterers	573	185	22
Plumbers & pipe fitters	574	610	71
Pressmen & plate printers - printing	575	104	15
Rollers & roll hands - metal	580	66	2
Roofers & slaters	581	59	2
Shoemakers & repairers, except factory	582	260	69
Stationary engineers	583	899	83
Stone cutters & stone carvers	584	131	15
Structural metal workers	585	42	6
Tailors & tailoresses	590	799	85
Tinsmiths, copper-smiths, & sheet metal workers	591	261	28
Tool makers, die makers & setters	592	48	1
Upholsterers	593	74	2
Craftsmen & kindred workers, n.e.c.	594	175	16
Members of the armed services	595	526	142
Operatives:
Apprentices:
Bricklayers & masons	601		2
Carpenters	602		4
Electricians	603		2
Machinists & toolmakers	604		1
Mechanics - except auto	605		1
Plumbers & pipe fitters	610		2
Building trades, n.e.c.	611	85
Metalworking trades, n.e.c.	612		7
Printing trades	613		2
Other specified trades	614	29	15
Trade not specified	615	285	44
Blasters & powdermen	622		3
Boatmen, canalmen, & lock keepers	623	21	3
Brakemen - railroad	624	376	71
Bus drivers	625		4
Chainmen, rodmen, & axmen - surveying	630		1
Conductors - bus & street railway	631	243	23
Deliverymen & routemen	632	875	53
Dressmakers & seamstresses, except factory	633	1620	341
Dyers	634	67
Filers, grinders, & polishers - metal	635	172	2
Fruit, nut, & vegetable graders & packers, except factory	640	18	17
Furnacemen, smeltermen and pourers	641	119	52
Heaters - metal	642	29	1
Laundry & dry cleaning operatives	643	455	393
Meat cutters - except slaughter & packinghouse	644	60	110
Milliners	645	518	28
Mine operatives & laborers	650	3642	1691
Motormen - street, subway & elevated railway	661	265	19
Oilers & greasers, except auto	662	62	1
Painters, except construction or maintenance	670	239	2
Sailors & deck hands	673	202	75
Sawyers	674	184	6
Spinners - textile	675	290	2
Stationary firemen	680	421	61
Switchmen - railroad	681	270	20
Taxicab drivers & chauffeurs	682	325	60
Truck & tractor drivers	683	1719	513
Weavers -- textile	684	837	3
Welders & flame cutters	685		1
Operative & kindred workers, n.e.c.	690	10707	5301
Service Workers:
Private Household:
Housekeepers	700	835	71
Laundresses	710	2102	594
Workers, n.e.c.	720	6268	843
Not Household:
Attendants:
Hospital & other institution	730		3
Professional & personal service, n.e.c.	731	102	16
Recreation & amusement	732		5
Barbers, beauticians & manicurists	740	784	203
Bartenders	750	439	121
Bootblacks	751	77	15
Boarding & lodging housekeepers	752	636	148
Charwomen & cleaners	753	145	5
Cooks,except private household	754		276
Counter & fountain workers	760		1
Elevator operators	761	75	7
Firemen, fire protection	762	135	42
Guards, watchmen & doorkeepers	763	324	69
Housekeepers & stewards, except private household	764		24
Janitors & sextons	770	450	44
Marshals & constables	771	39	14
Midwives	772	20	11
Policemen & detectives	773	273	48
Porters	780	353	66
Practical nurses	781	598	13
Sheriffs & bailiffs	782	43	13
Ushers - recreation & amusement	783		1
Waiters & waitresses	784	843	201
Watchmen (crossing) bridge tenders	785		2
Service workers (except private household), n.e.c.	790	75	129
Farm Laborers:
Farm foremen	810	229	26
Farm laborers, wage workers	820	26610	7092
Farm service laborers,self-employed	840		128
Laborers:
Fishermen & oystermen	910	292	43
Garage laborers & car washers & greasers	920		1
Gardeners, except farm, & groundskeepers	930	395	57
Longshoremen & stevedores	940	279	10
Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers	950	576	101
Teamsters	960		91
Laborers, n.e.c.	970	14478	7718
Non-Occupations:
Keeps house/housework/housewife	980	1579	575
At home/ helps in home	982		2
At school	983		17
Retired	984		58
Unemployed/ without occupation	985		29
Invalid/sick/disabled	986		7
Inmate/prisoner	987	117	6
Ration Indian	988	51
Capitalist/gentleman	991		269
Other non-occupation	995		5
N/A (blank)	999	210064	56630

OCCSCORE - P 125-126

Occupational income score

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons with an occupational response recorded in OCC1950 (see that variable).

Description:

OCCSCORE is a constructed variable that assigns occupational income scores to each occupation. The method by which this was accomplished is described in "Occupation Codes and Income Scores" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide, which users should read before using this variable. In essence, OCCSCORE assigns each occupation in all years a value representing the median total income (in hundreds of 1950 dollars) of all persons with that particular occupation in 1950. It thus provides a continuous measure of occupations according to the economic rewards enjoyed by people working at them (in 1950).

Flags: QOCC.

Codes: 00=N/A.

SEI - P 127-128

Duncan Socioeconomic Index

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons with an occupational response recorded in OCC1950 (see that variable.)

Description:

SEI is a constructed variable that assigns a Duncan Socioeconomic Index (SEI) score to each occupation. The SEI, which is pegged to the 1950 occupational classification system, is a measure of occupational status based upon the income level and educational attainment associated with each occupation in 1950. The score was derived by using median income and education levels for men in 1950 to predict prestige assessments from a 1947 survey of a select group of occupations. The resulting regression equation was used to generate scores for the entire range of 1950 occupations. See O.D. Duncan, "A Socioeconomic Index for All Occupations," in A. Reiss et al., Occupations and Social Status, Free Press, 1961.

The SEI variable is based on OCC1950. Users must determine for themselves how socioeconomic or prestige status may have changed with respect to circa-1950 survey results.

Flags: QOCC.

Codes: 00=N/A.

IND - P 132-134

Industry

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: Persons of any age with an occupation recorded in OCC (see that variable).

Description:

IND is an unrecoded variable that records the type of industry in which each person performed their occupation (as recorded in the variables OCCÊOccupation and OCC1950ÊOccupation, 1950 basis). In census usage, "industry" currently refers to work setting and economic sector, as opposed to the workers' specific technical function, or "occupation."

Some persons work in more than one industry. Generally, the census tried to record the one from which the person earned the most money; if the respondent was not sure about this, s/he was to report the one at which s/he spent the most time. If persons listed more than one industry, the PUMS used the first one listed. Persons not currently employed were to give their most recent industry.

The industries are classified according to the contemporary Census Bureau classification system. The 1910 classification is renumbered to remove alphabetic characters from the codes.

Flags: QIND.

Codes: See 1910 Industry Classifications (p. 2.17.1 - 2.17.4). For 1950, see IND1950 codes.

IND1950 - P 129-131

Industry, 1950 basis

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: Persons of any age with an occupation recorded in OCC (see that variable).

Description:

IND1950 recodes information contained in the IPUMS variable IND into the 1950 Census Bureau industrial classification system. Its purpose is to enhance comparability of industry data across all years in the IPUMS for which IND is available. IND1950 was designed the same way as OCC1950 (Occupation, 1950 basis), the procedure for which is discussed in detail in "Occupation Codes and Income Scores" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide. Industries were coded directly into the 1950 classifications for the Hispanic Oversample and were recoded from the 1910 industry categories for the 1910 PUMS.

Flags: QIND.

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
N/A	000	212332	57598
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing:
Agriculture	105	50860	11083
Forestry	116	183	20
Fisheries	126	320	81
Mining:
Metal mining	206	626	1631
Coal mining	216	2986	132
Crude petroleum & natural gas extraction	226	236	48
Nonmetallic mining & quarrying, except fuel	236	504	253
Construction	246	8642	4677
Manufacturing:
Durable Goods:
Logging	306	844	146
Sawmills, planing mills & mill work	307	2171	76
Misc. wood products	308	436	43
Furniture & fixtures	309	642	27
	Code	Preston	Hispanic
Glass & glass products	316	352
Cement, concrete, gypsum & plaster products	317	279	131
Structural clay products	318	617	128
Pottery & related products	319	109	14
Misc. nonmetallic mineral & stone products	326	267	15
Blast furnaces, steel works & rolling mills	336	1780	333
Other primary iron & steel industries	337	995	30
Primary nonferrous industries	338	391	11
Fabricated steel products	346	1085	18
Fabricated nonferrous metal products	347		5
Not specified metal industries	348	365	11
Agricultural machinery & tractors	356	253
Office & store machines	357	95	2
Misc. machinery	358	1254	40
Electrical machinery, equipment & supplies	367	452	5
Motor vehicles & motor vehicle equipment	376	472	13
Ship & boat building & repairing	378	325	10
Railroad & misc. transportation equipment	379	810	14
Professional equipment	386	59	3
Photographic equipment & supplies	387	31
Watches, clocks & clockwork-operated devices	388	96	4
Misc. manufacturing industries	399	859	125
Nondurable Goods:
Meat products	406	491	54
Dairy products	407	292	8
	Code	Preston	Hispanic
Canning & preserving fruits, vegetables & seafoods	408	92	25
Grain-mill products	409	267	43
Bakery products	416	318	96
Confectionary & related products	417	300	43
Beverage industries	418	473	57
Misc. food preparations & kindred products	419	269	99
Not specified food industries	426	26
Tobacco manufactures	429	836	5064
Knitting mills	436	456
Dyeing & finishing textiles, except knit goods	437	135
Carpets, rugs & other floor coverings	438	187	2
Yarn, thread & fabric	439	2735	11
Misc. textile mill products	446	166	12
Apparel & accessories	448	2379	22
Misc. fabricated textile products	449	152	4
Pulp, paper & paperboard mills	456	423	6
Paperboard containers & boxes	457	73	9
Misc. paper & pulp products	458	59
Printing, publishing & allied industries	459	3558	127
Drugs & medicines	467	68
Paints, varnishes & related products	468	109	1
Misc. chemicals & allied products	469	429	39
Petroleum refining	476	123	12
Misc. petroleum & coal products	477	2	2
Rubber products	478	228	1
Leather: tanned, curried & finished	487	367	9
Footwear, except rubber	488	970	21
Leather products, except footwear	489	189	21
Manufacturing industries, not specified	499		96
	Code	Preston	Hispanic
Transportation, Communication & Other Utilities:
Transportation:
Railroads & railway	506	6988	3187
Street railways & bus lines	516	854	220
Trucking service	526	1477	366
Warehousing storage	527	123	9
Taxicab service	536	139	40
Water transportation	546	924	155
Petroleum & gasoline pipe lines	567	2	5
Services incidental to transportation	568	490	69
Telecommunications:
Telephone	578	703	62
Telegraph	579	214	28
Utilities & Sanitary Services:
Electric light & power	586	467	37
Gas & steam supply systems	587	247	37
Electric-gas utilities	588	14	6
Water supply	596	184	36
Sanitary services	597	126	15
Other & not specified utilities	598	5	5
Wholesale & Retail Trade:
Wholesale Trade:
Motor vehicles & equipment	606	5	2
Drugs, chemicals & allied products	607	101	6
Dry goods apparel	608	312	10
Food & related products	609	487	97
Electrical goods, hardware & plumbing equipment	616	120	4
Machinery, equipment & supplies	617	141	15
Petroleum products	618	48	7
Farm prods - raw materials	619	359	41
Misc. wholesale trade	626	579	39
Wholesale trade, not specified	627	405	30
Retail Trade:
Food stores, except dairy	636	3330	825
	Code	Preston	Hispanic
Dairy products stores & milk retailing	637	38	35
General merchandise	646	3218	519
Five & ten cent stores	647	30	6
Apparel & accessories stores, except shoe	656	1596	163
Shoe stores	657	268	8
Furniture & house furnishings stores	658	352	46
Household appliance & radio stores	659	133	12
Motor vehicles & accessories retailing	667	56	2
Gasoline service stations	668	1	3
Drug stores	669	513	77
Eating & drinking places	679	1680	573
Hardware & farm implement stores	686	464	41
Lumber & building material retailing	687	487	100
Liquor stores	688	120	27
Retail florists	689	61	4
Jewelry stores	696	235	21
Fuel & ice retailing	697	428	121
Misc. retail stores	698	686	109
Retail trade, not specified	699	712	260
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate:
Banking & credit	716	642	66
Security & commodity brokerage & investment companies	726	176	23
Insurance	736	622	24
Real estate	746	1018	120
Real estate/insurance/ law offices	756		6
Business & Repair Services:
Advertising	806	69	3
Accounting, auditing & bookkeeping services	807	64	7
Misc. business services	808	441	47
Auto repair services & garages	816	114	22
Misc. repair services	817	937	174
Personal Services:
Private households	826	8526	1858
Hotels & lodging places	836	2412	554
Laundering, cleaning & dyeing	846	703	460
	Code	Preston	Hispanic
Dressmaking shops	847	1413	49
Shoe repair shops	848	232	72
Misc. personal services	849	1006	272
Entertainment & Recreation Services:
Radio broadcasting & television	856
Theaters & motion pictures	857	449	48
Bowling alleys & billiard & pool parlors	858	87	15
Misc. entertainment & recreation services	859	168	109
Professional & Related Services:
Medical & other health services, except hospitals	868	1155	132
Hospitals	869	525	33
Legal services	879	581	63
Educational services	888	3245	334
Welfare & religious services	896	795	104
Nonprofit membership organizations	897	112	4
Engineering & architectural services	898	303	20
Misc. professional & related	899	107	26
Public Administration:
Postal service	906	730	99
Federal public administration	916	953	274
State public administration	926		31
Local public administration	936	832	377

CLASSWKR - P 135 General
P 135-136 Detailed

Class of worker

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons with gainful occupation.

Description:

CLASSWKR indicates whether a respondent worked for his or her own enterprise or for someone else as an employee. Workers with multiple sources of employment were classed according to the work relationship in which they spent the most time during the reference day or week. As described below, CLASSWKR contains other related information in most census years (see also EMPSTAT).

Flags: QCLASSWK.

Detailed - Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
N/A	0 0	211591	57786
Self-employed	1 0
Employer	1 1	18051	2692
Working on own account	1 2	22696	5174
Works for wages	2 0	113901	29865

WKSUNEMP - P 147-148

Weeks unemployed last year

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: Wage workers (see CLASSWKR).

Description:

WKSUNEMP gives the number of weeks during the previous calendar year (1909) that the respondent was unemployed; that is, the number of weeks they had been looking for and unable to find any work, or involuntarily laid off from their job. A few non-wage workers responded to the inquiry and their responses have been retained in the data.

Flags: QQTRUNEM.

Codes: 99 = N/A.

DISABILITY VARIABLES

BLIND - P 250

Blind

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

BLIND indicates whether or not the respondent was blind. The 1910 enumerator instructions offered a definition of blindness: "totally or partially blind, in both eyes, so as not to be able to read even with the help of glasses."

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
No (blank)	1	365988	95461
Yes	2	218	56
Illegible	8	30
Unknown	9	3

DEAF - P 251

Deaf and dumb

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

DEAF identifies persons who were both "deaf and dumb," the contemporary terminology for persons with severe hearing or speech disabilities.

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
No (blank)	1	366014	95510
Yes	2	190	7
Illegible	8	31
Unknown	9	4

VETERAN STATUS VARIABLES

VETCIVWR - P 249

Veteran of the Civil War

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: Men age 50 and over born in the United States and all foreign born males who emigrated to this country before 1865.

Description:

VETCIVWR identifies those men with either Union or Confederate military service during the Civil War. The coding scheme provides separate responses for army, navy or not specified for both the Union and Confederate service. Note that the effective universe is all persons since the "no" and "N/A" categories have been combined. The 1910 Public Use Sample user's guide says "the question was evidently omitted by many enumerators." No further explanation is given.

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
N/A, no, or blank	0	363827	95354
Union army	1	1640	91
Union navy	2	17	3
Union, n.s.	3	6
Confederate army	4	672	68
Confederate navy	5	2	1
Unknown	8	40
Illegible	9	35

OTHER VARIABLES

SURSIM - P 259-260

Surname similarity

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

SURSIM assigns the same code to all persons within each household who had the same surname. All persons coded "1," including the household head, had the same surname as the household head. Other surnames are assigned codes in the order in which they appear within the household on the census form. Persons within any household who shared a surname will have the same code.

Flags: QSURSIM.

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
1st surname in household	01	321696	82084
2	02	30295	8333
3	03	7275	2274
4	04	2701	868
5	05	1381	479
6	06	843	301
7	07	556	233
8	08	376	185
9	09	291	137
10	10	204	102
11	11	152	87
12	12	129	70
13	13	98	60
14	14	70	55
15	15	55	45
16	16	37	34
17	17	31	32
18	18	23	26
19	19	15	21
20	20	7	20
21	21	1	20
22	22	3	20
23	23		14
24	24		7
25	25		3
26	26		2
27	27		3
28	28		1
29	29		1

AGEMONTH - P 245-246

Age in months

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: Persons under age 2.

Description:

AGEMONTH gives the age in months of persons less than one year old (AGE = 0) on census day. For 1910, it also gives the age in months beyond one year for persons age 1. (That is, an 18-month-old would be coded "1" in the variable AGE and "6" in AGEMONTH; a 6-month-old would also be coded "6" in AGEMONTH, but would be coded "0" in AGE.)

Age in months was originally recorded as a fraction of a year on the census forms. The enumerator instructions suggest that it be recorded as some number over 12, but the frequency distributions indicate that some enumerators recorded it as a round number (often as "1/2," coded in the PUMS as 6 months -- the most common code in all years) instead of the exact figure. The creators of the 1910 PUMS altered responses of individuals listed as 12 months old to "0 months old" and added 1 year to their age. We have retained the original values in the Hispanic Oversample.

Flags: QAGEMONT.

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
0 months old	00	470	140
1 month old	01	1101	391
2	02	1205	407
3	03	1308	363
4	04	1129	350
5	05	961	320
6	06	1695	589
7	07	1021	293
8	08	1150	416
9	09	1033	258
10	10	995	254
11	11	1134	296
12	12		17
N/A or blank	99	353037	91423

PFARMSCH - P 269

Person received farm schedule

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

PFARMSCH identifies which persons within the household (if any) filled out farm schedules for the agricultural census. The code "1" indicates that the person was the first person within the household listed on the census form who filled out a schedule. Usually, there was no more than one schedule per household, but a few households contained more than one farm operator, each of whom filled out a schedule. In these cases, the second farm operator was coded "2," the third, "3," and so on.

See also the household-record variables FARM and FARMSCHD.

Codes and Frequencies:

	Code	Preston	Hispanic
N/A (blank)	0	341965	91872
Yes, received first farm schedule in household	1	24047	3628
Received 2ndschedule in household	2	204	16
3rd schedule	3	19	1
4th	4	3
5th	5	1

FSCHDNUM - P 258-260

Farm schedule number

Availability:

Preston	Hispanic
X	X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

FSCHDNUM provides the actual number of the farm schedule corresponding to the respondent. This variable is available only for the 1910 Hispanic Oversample.

Codes: 000 = received no farm schedule.

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