1910 Hispanic Oversample: Data Dictionary (Household Records)

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HOUSEHOLD RECORD

TECHNICAL VARIABLES

RECTYP - H 1

Record type

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

M User Caution: RECTYP is an alphabetic variable.

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

RECTYP assigns all household records the alphabetic string "H." This allows users to discriminate between household and person records; the latter are assigned the string "P" in the person-record variable RECTYP. Each household record is followed by one or more person records, and all data pertaining to any household pertains to all of the persons within it. Note: this is an alphabetic variable.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Household H 88814 22381

YEAR - H 2-3

Census year

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

YEAR identifies the census year of the case. YEAR is repeated on person records. Since the middle two digits of the census year are used, the code for 1910 is "91."

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
1910 91 88814 22381

DATANUM - H 4-5

Data set number

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

DATANUM identifies the public use microdata sample (PUMS) from which the case is drawn.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
1910 1 88814
1910 Hispanic Oversample 3 22381

SERIAL - H 6-13

Household serial number

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

SERIAL is an identifying number, unique to each household in a given census year sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (Person records also have their own unique identifiers -- see PERNUM.) A combination of YEAR, DATANUM, SERIAL, and PERNUM provides a unique identifier for every case in the IPUMS.

Codes: See text above.

NUMPREC - H 14-15

Number of person records

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

NUMPREC indicates how many person records are included in the sampled unit (household or group quarters). These person records will all have the same serial number (SERIAL) as the household record. The information contained in the household record will normally apply to all of these persons.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
1 person in household 01 12324 3623
2 people 02 13750 3320
3 03 15266 3356
4 04 13825 3062
5 05 11081 2663
6 06 8155 2111
7 07 5635 1505
8 08 3739 1090
9 09 2267 668
10 10 1314 419
11 11 699 218
12 12 340 131
13 13 164 78
14 14 80 36
15 15 50 20
16 16 33 12
17 17 20 11
18 18 19 11
19 19 18 4
20 20 14 4
21 21 4 5
22 22 7 6
23 23 6 4
24 24 1 4
25 25 1 3
26 26 2
27 27 2 5
28 28 3
29 29 2
30 30 5

SUBSAMP - H 16-17

Subsample number

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

SUBSAMP allocates each case to one of 100 subsample replicates, randomly numbered from 0 to 99. Each subsample is nationally representative and preserves all stratification of the sample from which it is drawn. Users who need a representative subset of a sample should use SUBSAMP to select their cases. For example, to randomly extract 10% of the cases from a sample, select any 10 of the 100 subsamples. For further information, see the Chapters 2 and 3, "Sample Designs" and "Sampling Error," in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide.

Codes: See text above.

HHWT - H 18-21

Household weight

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

HHWT describes how many households in the U.S. population in1910 are represented by a given household in a specific sample. There are three versions of the 1910 sample: (1) the original PUMS, (2) the Hispanic Oversample, and (3) a combined 1910 sample that includes the original PUMS, the Hispanic Oversample and the Black Oversample.

To obtain nationally representative statistics, HHWT should always be used for household-level analyses on Hispanic Oversample data when used alone or when using the combined 1910 sample. (PERWT, which has the same values as HHWT, should be used on person-record analysis). HHWT gives the number of households represented by the sampled household. In 1910 the number is 251.8925 for households not included in the oversample counties. For households in the oversampled counties, weights vary by race (Hispanic-Mexican origin; Hispanic-Cuban origin; or non-Hispanic) and by county.

For example, when using the Hispanic Oversample alone, HHWT for Hispanics in the two Florida counties is 2; for Hispanics in all other oversample counties, the value is 5; and for non-Hispanics, HHWT is specific to each oversample county (see Appendix B, page 2.20.18) for a list of the oversample counties and their respective weights). In the combined sample, HHWT is adjusted to account for the presence of additional Hispanics and non-Hispanics identified in the original 1910 PUMS and blacks identified in the Black oversample (who become non-Hispanics in the combined sample).

Sample design and the specific application of weights in the Hispanic Oversample are described in pages 2.20.9-13. For further discussion, see the Introduction, Chapter 2, "Sample Designs" in IPUMS-2000 Volume 1: User's Guide, and "1910 Sampling Procedures" in the IPUMS-2000, Volume 3: Counting the Past.

User Note: Although the complex sample designs required for the Hispanic Oversample and the Black Oversample have resulted in complicated weights for some samples, in practice user's need not be overly concerned about them. Each of the 1910 samples available includes values for HHWT that are calculated appropriately for that sample. If users simply remember to weight their analysis by HHWT, they can be assured of representativeness in their results.

Codes : See text above.

NUMPERHH - H 22-25

Number of persons in household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

NUMPERHH indicates how many persons lived within the household or group quarters. This number is sometimes larger than NUMPREC because the 1910 PUMS did not sample large households/group quarters in their entirety. See the variable GQ and Chapter 2, "Sample Designs," in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide.

Codes: See text above.

DWSIZE - H 26-29

Dwelling size

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households.

Description/Comparability:

DWSIZE indicates how many persons lived within the entire dwelling that contained the sampled household. If the entire dwelling is included in the sample, DWSIZE is based on a computer count of person records. If only one household was taken from a large multi-household dwelling, or the case was sampled as group quarters, DWSIZE is based on a hand count by the data-entry operator. A missing value indicates that the marshal or enumerator omitted the dwelling numbers.

See "Chapter 2, Sample Designs," in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide, for details of the 1910 sample.

Codes: 9999 = missing.

NUMHH - H 30-31

Number of households in dwelling

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households.

Description/Comparability:

NUMHH indicates how many households lived within the entire dwelling that contained the sampled household. If the entire dwelling is included in the sample, NUMHH is based on a computer count of person records. If only one household was taken from a large multi-household dwelling, or the case was sampled as group quarters, NUMHH is based on a hand count by a data-entry operator. A missing value indicates the marshal or enumerator omitted the dwelling numbers.

See "Chapter 2, Sample Designs," in the IPUMS-2000, Volume 1:User's Guide, for further discussion of PUMS sampling rules.

Codes: 99 = missing.

GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

REGION - H 33-34

Census region and division

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

REGION identifies the household's census region and division. Unless otherwise noted states, or territories that later became states, are recoded into the following 1990 census regional and divisional classification system:

  1. Northeast Region
    • New England Division: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,Rhode Island, Vermont
    • Middle Atlantic Division: New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania
  2. Midwest (formerly North Central) Region
    • East North Central Division: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin
    • West North Central Division: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,North Dakota, South Dakota
  3. South Region
    • South Atlantic Division: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia
    • East South Central Division: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee
    • West South Central Division: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma/Indian Territory, Texas
  4. West Region
    • Mountain Division: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming
    • Pacific Division: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
NORTHEAST REGION
New England Division 11 6512
Middle Atlantic Division 12 18547
MIDWEST REGION
East North Central Div. 21 17981
West North Central Div. 22 11189 283
SOUTH REGION
South Atlantic Division 31 10759 3731
East South Central Div. 32 7386
West South Central Div. 33 7674 8172
WEST REGION
Mountain Division 41 2877 7056
Pacific Division 42 5676 3139
Not Elsewhere Classified
Military/Military reservations 91 213

STATEICP - H 35-36

State (ICPSR code)

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

STATEICP identifies the household's state of enumeration using the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) coding scheme. The variable allows ICPSR state data to be easily merged with the IPUMS. The ICPSR scheme orders the states geographically by region. Note that the ICPSR regions do not correspond perfectly with the census regions used in the IPUMS variable REGION.

State or territory names represent that state or territory's contemporary political boundaries for 1910. Users should familiarize themselves with any historical changes in these boundaries that might affect their research. Where boundaries did not change significantly, we have assigned current state codes to areas that later became states; for example, Hawaii is given the Hawaii state code (82) even though it was not yet in the union in 1910.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Connecticut 01 1035
Maine 02 794
Massachusetts 03 3331
New Hampshire 04 441
Rhode Island 05 541
Vermont 06 370
Delaware 11 205
New Jersey 12 2360
New York 13 9171
Pennsylvania 14 7016
Illinois 21 5499
Indiana 22 2766
Michigan 23 2763
Ohio 24 4868
Wisconsin 25 2085
Iowa 31 2182
Kansas 32 1612 283
Minnesota 33 1964
Missouri 34 3199
Nebraska 35 1175
North Dakota 36 515
South Dakota 37 542
Virginia 40 1803
Alabama 41 1782
Arkansas 42 1305
Florida 43 695 3731
Georgia 44 2345
Louisiana 45 1481
Mississippi 46 1542
North Carolina 47 1816
South Carolina 48 1317
Texas 49 3363 8172
Kentucky 51 2083
Maryland 52 1202
Oklahoma 53 1525
Tennessee 54 1979
West Virginia 56 1044
Arizona 61 213 2417
Colorado 62 893
Idaho 63 355
Montana 64 422
Nevada 65 128
New Mexico 66 334 4639
Utah 67 338
Wyoming 68 194
California 71 2997 3139
Oregon 72 840
Washington 73 1482
Alaska 81 95
Hawaii 82 262
Military/military reservation 97 213
District of Columbia 98 332

STATEFIP - H 37-38

State (FIPS code)

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

STATEFIP identifies the household's state of enumeration using the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) coding scheme, which orders the states alphabetically.

See STATEICP for further description.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Alabama 01 1782
Alaska 02 95
Arizona 04 213 2417
Arkansas 05 1305
California 06 2997 3139
Colorado 08 893
Connecticut 09 1035
Delaware 10 205
District of Columbia 11 332
Florida 12 695 3731
Georgia 13 2345
Hawaii 15 262
Idaho 16 355
Illinois 17 5499
Indiana 18 2766
Iowa 19 2182
Kansas 20 1612 283
Kentucky 21 2083
Louisiana 22 1481
Maine 23 794
Maryland 24 1202
Massachusetts 25 3331
Michigan 26 2763
Minnesota 27 1964
Mississippi 28 1542
Missouri 29 3199
Montana 30 422
Nebraska 31 1175
Nevada 32 128
New Hampshire 33 441
New Jersey 34 2360
New Mexico 35 334 4639
New York 36 9171
North Carolina 37 1816
North Dakota 38 515
Ohio 39 4868
Oklahoma 40 1525
Oregon 41 840
Pennsylvania 42 7016
Rhode island 44 541
South Carolina 45 1317
South Dakota 46 542
Tennessee 47 1979
Texas 48 3363 8172
Utah 49 338
Vermont 50 370
Virginia 51 1803
Washington 53 1482
West Virginia 54 1044
Wisconsin 55 2085
Wyoming 56 194
Military/military reservation 97 213

COUNTY - H 39-42

County

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

COUNTY identifies the household's county of enumeration using the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) coding scheme. Like STATEICP, COUNTY allows the IPUMS data to be easily merged with ICPSR data. The variable also identifies areas that were not part of any county, including the independent cities of Virginia and some Indian lands. COUNTY is a state-dependent variable; it must be read with one of the STATE variables to distinguish between counties located in different states.

Note that many county boundaries and some county names changed over time. The creation of new counties is a further difficulty, especially in more recently settled states. We have not attempted to impose a uniform county boundary system on the data, so a particular county listed should be assumed to have the boundaries that it had in 1910; the boundaries could be different in any other year.

User Note:

These county codes are compatible with the electronic historical county boundary files available through Louisiana State University and with all ICPSR county-level data files.

Flags: QCOUNTY.

Codes:

See ICPSR County Codes, pages 2.4.1 - 2.4.24.

URBAN - H 67

Urban/rural status

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

URBAN indicates whether the household's location of enumeration was urban or rural. Definitions of "urban" vary from year to year. In 1910 all households in all incorporated places with 2,500+ residents are classified as "urban." This includes some incorporated places that are excluded by the 1990 definition (Alaska and New York boroughs; New England, New York, and Wisconsin towns). It excludes all unincorporated places, even if their population exceeded 2,500.

Flags: QURBAN.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Rural 1 45718 12762
Urban 2 43096 9619

METRO - H 47

Metropolitan status

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

METRO indicates whether or not the household was located in a metropolitan area. See also the variable METAREA.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Not in a metro area 1 54111 18764
In a metro area:
Central city 2 24407 2209
Outside central city 3 10296 1408

METAREA - H 48-50 General
H 48-51 Detailed

Metropolitan area

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

Metropolitan areas are counties or combinations of counties centering on a substantial urban area. METAREA identifies the household's metropolitan area of enumeration.

The concept of "metropolitan area" has remained essentially the same throughout the years. Most metropolitan areas encompassed less territory during earlier years than they did in later ones, as the census reconsidered and adjusted the boundaries of each metropolitan area to account for growth during each ten-year period. Although the Census Bureau did not adopt a definition of metropolitan area prior to 1950, the 1950 Standard Metropolitan Area (SMA) rules were retroactively applied to construct METAREA for 1910.

An SMA is a county or group of contiguous counties which contained at least one city of 50,000+ residents. To be part of an SMA a county either had to contain the central city, or had to be metropolitan in character and integrated with the central city.

To be considered "metropolitan in character," a county had to:

  1. either contain 10,000 nonagricultural laborers, or the number of nonagricultural laborers is at least 10% as large as the number of nonagricultural laborers working in the primary county of the SMA, or contain 50+% of its population in minor civil divisions with a population density of 150+ persons per square mile and contiguous to the central city, and
  2. have at least 2/3 of its employed residents working in nonagricultural occupations.

For 1850 to 1920 the criterion for "integration with the central city" was that at least 25% of the county population resided in the Metropolitan District of the central city.

Codes and Frequencies :

Code Preston Hispanic
N/A (household does not reside in a METAREA) 0000 54111 18764
Akron, OH 0080 104
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 0160 433
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA/NJ 0240 275
Altoona, PA 0280 95
Atlanta, GA 0520 213
Baltimore, MD 0720 632
Birmingham, AL 1000 218
Boston, MA 1120 2168
Bridgeport, CT 1160 235
Buffalo, NY 1280 583
Canton, OH 1320 137
Charleston-North Charleston, SC 1440 90
Chicago, IL 1600 2356
Cincinnati, OH 1640 647
Cleveland, OH 1680 591
Columbus, OH 1840 242
Dallas, TX 1920 154
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 1921 124
Davenport, IA-Rock Island, IL 1960 129
Dayton, OH 2000 172
Denver, CO 2080 259
Des Moines, IA 2120 125
Detroit, MI 2160 527
Duluth, MN-Superior, WI 2240 230
Erie, PA 2360 106
Evansville, IN 2440 86
Grand Rapids, MI 3000 178
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA 3240 201
Hartford, CT 3280 240
Houston, TX 3360 112
Indianapolis, IN 3480 296
Jacksonville, FL 3590 74
Johnstown, PA 3680 176
Kansas City, MO-KS 3760 408
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 4480 680 1602
Louisville, KY 4520 359
Manchester, NH 4760 122
Memphis, TN 4920 192
Milwaukee, WI 5080 401
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 5120 614
Mobile, AL 5160 84
Nashville-Davidson, TN 5360 159
New Haven-West Haven, CT 5480 283
New Orleans, LA 5560 344
New York-Northeastern NJ 5600 6854
Norfolk, VA 5720 197
Oklahoma City, OK 5880 103
Omaha, NE 5920 264
Peoria, IL 6120 112
Philadelphia, PA 6160 2162
Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA 6280 1424
Portland, ME 6400 120
Portland, OR 6440 336
Providence, RI 6480 456
Fall River, MA 6481 294
Reading, PA 6680 198
Richmond, VA 6760 123
Rochester, NY 6840 293
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI 6960 147
St. Joseph, MO 7000 102
St. Louis, MO 7040 983
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT 7160 139
San Antonio, TX 7240 122 2015
San Francisco, CA 7360 863
Savannah, GA 7520 87
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, PA 7560 495
Seattle-Everett, WA 7600 378
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN 7800 96
Spokane, WA 7840 179
Springfield, IL 7880 103
Springfield-Holyoke-Chicopee, MA 8000 274
Syracuse, NY 8160 198
Tacoma, WA 8200 269
Terre Haute, IN 8320 90
Toledo, OH 8400 213
Trenton, NJ 8480 131
Utica-Rome, NY 8680 162
Washington, DC 8840 31
Waterbury, CT 8880 70
Wichita, KS 9040 86
Wilmington, DE 9160 123
Worcester, MA 9240 407
Youngstown, OH- Warren, PA 9320 165

CITY - H 56-58 General
- H 56-59 Detailed

City

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters in cities with population of 25,000 or more.

Description:

CITY identifies the household's city of residence if the household resided in one of the cities identified in a given PUMS. Rank and size measurements refer to contemporary (not current) population figures. For 1910, the city of residence is given for households living in any city with 25,000 or more inhabitants. This included 230 cities in 1910.

The Detailed City code provides an additional digit of detail to the variable CITY and must be interpreted in combination with CITY. When the value in column H-59 is other than zero, it identifies an independent locality that merged with another city at some point.

Flags: QCITY.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Akron, OH 0010 70
Albany, NY 0050 110
Allentown, PA 0130 52
Altoona, PA 0150 41
Amsterdam, NY 0170 30
Atlanta, GA 0350 164
Atlantic City, NJ 0370 68
Auburn, NY 0390 40
Augusta, GA 0410 53
Aurora, IL 0470 24
Austin, TX 0490 36
Baltimore, MD 0530 518
Battle Creek, MI 0610 26
Bay City, MI 0630 39
Bayonne, NJ 0650 32
Berkeley, CA 0710 46
Binghampton, NY 0750 53
Birmingham, AL 0770 129
Bloomington, IL 0790 27
Boston, MA 0810 690
Bridgeport, CT 0830 98
Brockton, MA 0850 57
Brookline, MA 0870 27
Buffalo, NY 0890 403
Butte, MT 0910 47
Cambridge, MA 0930 105
Camden, NJ 0950 83
Canton, OH 0990 45
Cedar Rapids, IA 1010 30
Charleston, SC 1050 60
Charlotte, NC 1090 42
Chattanooga, TN 1110 48
Chelsea, MA 1130 23
Chester, PA 1170 23
Chicago, IL 1190 2063
Chicopee, MA 1210 23
Cincinnati, OH 1290 399
Cleveland, OH 1330 511
Clinton, IA 1370 35
Colorado Springs, CO 1390 20
Columbia, SC 1410 32
Columbus, OH 1450 200
Council Bluffs, IA 1510 31
Covington, KY 1530 60
Dallas, TX 1590 111
Danville, IL 1630 33
Davenport, IA 1650 45
Dayton, OH 1670 113
Decatur, IL 1690 27
Denver, CO 1710 259
Des Moines, IA 1730 101
Detroit, MI 1750 465
Dubuque, IA 1810 42
Duluth, MN 1830 89
East Orange, NJ 1930 31
East St. Louis, IL 1950 60
Easton, PA 1970 34
El Paso, TX 2010 45 1231
Elgin, IL 2030 34
Elizabeth, NJ 2050 55
Elmira, NY 2070 37
Erie, PA 2090 63
Evansville, IN 2170 78
Everett, MA 2190 19
Fall River, MA 2230 110
Fitchburg, MA 2250 38
Flint, MI 2270 38
Fort Wayne, IN 2330 68
Fort Worth, TX 2350 89
Galveston, TX 2410 44
Grand Rapids, MI 2530 122
Green Bay, WI 2550 17
Hamilton, OH 2610 25
Harrisburg, PA 2690 68
Hartford, CT 2710 105
Haverhill, MA 2730 44
Hazleton, PA 2750 19
Hoboken, NJ 2810 66
Holyoke, MA 2850 56
Honolulu, HI 2870 66
Houston, TX 2890 81
Huntington, WV 2910 40
Indianapolis, IN 2990 248
Jackson, MI 3070 27
Jacksonville, FL 3110 56
Jamestown, NY 3130 29
Jersey City, NJ 3150 230
Johnstown, PA 3170 38
Joliet, IL 3190 31
Joplin, MO 3210 41
Kalamazoo, MI 3230 50
Kansas City, KS 3250 74
Kansas City, MO 3260 267
Kingston, NY 3310 29
Knoxville, TN 3330 36
La Crosse, WI 3370 29
Lancaster, PA 3450 45
Lansing, MI 3470 33
Lawrence, MA 3510 81
Lewiston, ME 3550 26
Lexington, KY 3570 39
Lima, OH 3610 34
Lincoln, NE 3630 61
Little Rock, AR 3650 51
Lorain, OH 3710 30
Los Angeles, CA 3730 450 764
Louisville, KY 3750 248
Lowell, MA 3770 110
Lynchburg, VA 3790 24
Lynn, MA 3810 92
Macon, GA 3830 28
Madison, WI 3870 24
Malden, MA 3890 52
Manchester, NH 3910 63
McKeesport, PA 3970 42
Memphis, TN 4010 145
Meriden, CT 4030 31
Milwaukee, WI 4130 350
Minneapolis, MN 4150 332
Mobile, AL 4170 63
Montgomery, AL 4250 36
Mount Vernon, NY 4290 23
Muskogee, OK 4350 26
Nashua, NH 4390 25
Nashville, TN 4411 105
New Bedford, MA 4450 88
New Britain, CT 4470 33
New Castle, PA 4510 32
New Haven, CT 4530 117
New Orleans, LA 4570 344
New Rochelle, NY 4590 26
New York, NY 4610 4652
Newark, NJ 4630 331
Newark, OH 4650 27
Newburgh, NY 4670 25
Newport, KY 4710 35
Newport, RI 4730 43
Newton, MA 4770 33
Niagara Falls, NY 4790 20
Norfolk, VA 4810 63
Norristown Borough, PA 4830 33
Norwich, CT 4890 21
Oakland, CA 4930 183
Ogden, UT 4970 28
Oklahoma City, OK 4990 79
Omaha, NE 5010 152
Orange, NJ 5050 35
Oshkosh, WI 5090 32
Pasadena, CA 5150 35 24
Passaic, NJ 5190 36
Paterson, NJ 5210 103
Pawtucket, RI 5230 52
Peoria, IL 5270 75
Perth Amboy, NJ 5290 22
Philadelphia, PA 5330 1489
Pittsburgh, PA 5370 491
Pittsfield, MA 5390 30
Portland, ME 5510 58
Portland, OR 5530 313
Portsmouth, VA 5590 33
Poughkeepsie, NY 5630 30
Providence, RI 5650 223
Pueblo, CO 5670 58
Quincy, IL 5690 38
Quincy, MA 5710 32
Racine, WI 5730 41
Reading, PA 5790 95
Richmond, VA 5870 123
Roanoke, VA 5910 22
Rochester, NY 5930 213
Rockford, IL 5970 48
Sacramento, CA 6030 61
Saginaw, MI 6050 52
Saint Joseph, MO 6070 88
Saint Louis, MO 6690 692
Saint Paul, MN 6110 243
Salem, MA 6150 39
Salt Lake City, UT 6210 102
San Antonio, TX 6230 98 1445
San Diego, CA 6270 72 130
San Francisco, CA 6290 543
San Jose, CA 6310 28
Savannah, GA 6370 65
Schenectedy, NY 6390 72
Scranton, PA 6410 106
Seattle, WA 6430 328
Sheboygan, WI 6450 17
Shenandoah Borough, PA 6470 13
Shreveport, LA 6490 31
Sioux City, IA 6510 63
Somerville, MA 6570 85
South Bend, IN 6590 62
South Omaha, NE 6610 29
Spokane, WA 6630 139
Springfield, IL 6650 54
Springfield, MA 6670 87
Springfield, MO 6690 35
Springfield, OH 6710 45
Stamford, CT 6730 25
Superior, WI 6830 43
Syracuse, NY 6850 136
Tacoma, WA 6870 216
Tampa, FL 6890 46 1582
Taunton, MA 6910 38
Terre Haute, IN 6950 53
Toledo, OH 6970 188
Topeka, KS 6990 42
Trenton, NJ 7010 101
Troy, NY 7030 76
Utica, NY 7090 77
Waco, TX 7150 22
Waltham, MA 7170 25
Warwick Town, RI 7210 23
Washington, DC 7230 332
Waterbury, CT 7250 46
Waterloo, IA 7270 24
Watertown, NY 7310 27
West Hoboken, NJ 7330 22
Wheeling, WV 7390 40
Wichita, KS 7410 64
Wilkes-Barre, PA 7450 63
Williamsport, PA 7470 32
Wilmington, DE 7490 80
Wilmington, NC 7510 17
Woonsocket, RI 7550 26
Worcester, MA 7570 148
Yonkers, NY 7590 70
York, PA 7610 44
Youngstown, OH 7630 59
Zanesville, OH 7650 27
Town not identified:
20,000-24,999 8100 1049
20,000-24,999 New
England		 8105 239
10,000-19,999 8110 3607
10,000-19,999 New
England		 8115 661
City 8,000-9,999 8200 1264
New England Town 8,000-9,999 8205 263
City 5,000-7,999 8300 2399
New England Town 5,000-7,999 8305 469
City 4,000-4,999 8400 1191
New England Town 4,000-4,999 8405 152
City 2,500-3,999 8500 2413
New England Town 2,500-3,999 8505 412
City 1,000-2,499 8600 4419
New England Town
1,000-2,499		 8605 740
Rural - Under 1,000 8700 4185
Under 1,000 New
England		 8705 429
Unincorporated 8800 35632
Military Reservation 8810 213
Indian Reservation 8820 100

CITYPOP - H 60-64

City population

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

CITYPOP gives the population in hundreds for all cities and incorporated places. For cities under 25,000, the population is given even if the name is not identified in the variable CITY. For cities under 25,000 in the 1910 PUMS, the population is given as the midpoint of the range of values for that size place. The Hispanic Oversample gives the exact population of all incorporated places.

Flags: QCITY.

Codes:

00000 = unincorporated place.

SIZEPL - H 65-66

Size of place

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

SIZEPL is a recode of CITYPOP that groups places of similar sizes.

Flags: QCITY.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Under 1,000, or
unincorporated		 01 40559 12100
1,000 - 2,499 02 5159 662
2,500 - 3,999 03 2825 741
4,000 - 4,999 04 1343 214
5,000 - 9,999 05 4395 1346
10,000 - 24,999 06 5577 2142
25,000 - 49,999 07 4084 2967
50,000 - 74,999 08 2277
75,000 - 99,999 09 2062 1445
100,000 - 199,999 10 2906
200,000 - 299,999 20 2572
300,000 - 399,999 30 2538 764
400,000 - 499,999 40 1411
500,000 - 599,999 50 1520
600,000 - 749,999 60 1382
750,000 - 799,999 70
1,000,000 - 1,999,999 80 1489
2,000,000+ 90 6715

SEA - H 44-46

State economic area

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

SEA stands for State Economic Area, a concept described fully in Donald J. Bogue, State Economic Areas (Washington D.C., 1951). SEAs are generally either single counties or groups of contiguous counties within the same state that had similar economic characteristics when they were originally defined prior to the 1950 census.

The census first used SEAs in 1950 and applied them retroactively to the 1940 PUMS. We constructed SEAs in 1910 combining counties to match as closely as possible the components of the 1940-1950 SEAs. However, shifts in county boundaries, primarily

resulting from the creation of new counties as populations shifted and grew, mean that these earlier SEAs do not always contain exactly the same territory as their 1940-1950 counterparts (see COUNTY). This is particularly true of areas with relatively small populations in earlier years which generally had more stable county boundaries. There are exceptions, of course. In the end, users who need to know the precise boundaries of counties for earlier years will have to research them. Military reservations in 1910 are also excluded.

The component counties of each SEA are detailed in the SEA appendix.

Keep in mind that the SEA boundaries, first created for the 1950 census, are based upon the economic characteristics of counties at that time. Counties within a particular SEA may or may not have been as economically homogeneous in previous years.

Codes: See SEA Codes, page 2.5.1 - 2.5.28.

WARD - H 84-86

Ward

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

WARD is an unrecorded variable that identifies the household's political ward of enumeration if the household was located in an area (usually a large city) that was divided into wards. Households not located within an identifiable ward are assigned a code of "000."

The 1900 and 1910 PUMS documentation noted two major problems with this variable. First, enumerators often neglected to note ward locations, so

in many cases they can only be inferred by the appearance of an individual among a large number of records from the same ward. Second, users should be aware that ward sizes and shapes vary considerably, both from city to city and over time, and the Census Bureau did not publish maps of wards in 1910. Users

will usually have to consult local records for this information.

Maximum value in 1910 is 713. Wards with alphabetical names or numbers with more than four digits are assigned a single separate code for 1910.

Codes:

000 = no ward given.
998 = illegible or uninterpretable.
999 = alphabetic or 4+ digits.

GROUP QUARTERS

GQ - H 72

Group quarters status

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

GQ identifies all units as vacant units, households, or group quarters. It also identifies fragmentary sample units in some sample years. Group quarters are units in some sample years. Group quarters are generally other group living arrangements such as rooming houses and military barracks. The definitions vary from year to year, but in the IPUMS we have imposed a group quarters definition that includes units with 10 or more individuals unrelated to the householder. See the comparability discussion below and Chapter 2, "Sample Designs," in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide for more details about changing definitions of group quarters.

Some of the information available for households is not available for group quarters units. Group-quarters types are identified in further detail by the IPUMS variables GQTYPE and GQFUNDS.

Comparability:

There are two slightly different definitions of group quarters in the IPUMS. For the period 1940-1970 group quarters are units with five or more individuals unrelated to the householder. In the other years, before 1940 and after 1970, units with 10 or more persons unrelated to the householder are considered group quarters.

M User Caution: For users who want a completely comparable definition of household, select only households coded "1-households under 1970 definition." Users should be aware, however, that this narrow definition may improperly classify many larger households with servants or boarders as group quarters in the earlier period. In later years, new types of group living arrangements would be classified as group quarters, even though they operate as households.

GQ identifies the following categories:

  1. Vacant units: These units are only identified in 1970 - 1990.
  2. Households: The following two categories are not completely comparable across all years.
    Households under the 1970 definition: This definition includes units that contain less than five individuals unrelated to the householder. Additional households under the 1990 definition: Units that contain between 5 and 9 individuals unrelated to the householder are included in this definition.
  3. Group Quarters:
    Institutions
    Other group quarters
  4. Boarders and Lodgers: The 1900 PUMS sampled boarders and lodgers as if they lived in separate housing units. This category identifies all boarders and lodgers living in units with less than individuals unrelated to the householder. In most other years these boarders and lodgers would be sampled as household members (code 1).
  5. Fragments: In 1850, 1880, 1910 and 1920, GQ also identifies fragments. Fragments are parts of units where the entire unit could not be identified. Most often this occurred when an enumerator added names at the end of a district that had been missed. Most fragments consist of isolated boarders and lodgers and individuals who probably would have been sampled as household members (code 1). The missing household information, however, prevents an accurate classification of group quarters status.

Flags: QGQ.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Households:
Households under 1970 definition 1 79639 20058
Additional households under 1990 definition 2 732 235
Group Quarters:
Institutions 3 2886 437
Other GQ 4 3953 1452
Boarders and lodgers 1900 5
Fragment 6 1604 199

GQTYPE - H 73 General
H 73-75 Detailed

Group quarters type

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Units sampled as group quarters.

Description:

GQTYPE describes in detail the type of group quarters in which a group-quarters member resided. In 1910, staff and non-inmates of institutions are classified in the same GQTYPE as the inmates.

Flags: QGQ.

General - Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
NA (not GQ) 0 80551 20385
Institutions
Institution (1990) 1
Correctional institutions 2 547 229
Mental institutions 3 423 65
Other Institutions 4 1461 143
Non-Institutional Group Quarters
Non-Institutional GQ (1940, 1950, 1990) 5
Military 6 543 137
College dormitory 7 77 7
Rooming house 8 1432 212
Other Non-Institutional GQ and Fragments 9 3780 1203

Detailed - Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
NA (not GQ) 0 00 80371 20293
0 10 117 44
0 20 63 48
Institutions
Institution (1990) 1 00
Correctional institution 2 00
Federal/state correctional 2 10
Prison 2 11 115 87
Penitentiary 2 12 141 49
Military prison 2 13 9
Local correctional 2 20
Jail 2 21 120 93
School juvenile delinquents 2 30
Reformatory 2 40 71
Camp or chain-gang 2 50 67
House of correction 2 60 24
Mental institutions 3 00 423 65
Institutions for the elderly, handicapped, and poor 4 00
Homes for the elderly 4 10
Aged, dependent home 4 11 107 5
Nursing and convalescent home 4 12
Old soldiers home 4 13 187
Other institutions (not aged) 4 20
Homes for neglected/ dependent children 4 30
Orphan school 4 31
Orphan's home, asylum 4 32 291 50
Other institutions for children 4 40
Children's home,
asylum		 4 41 140 9
Physically handi-capped homes, schools and hospitals 4 50
Deaf, blind school 4 51 71 17
Deaf, blind, epilepsy 4 52 47
Mentally handi-capped homes and schools 4 60 38
School for
feebleminded		 4 61
TB & other chronic disease hospital 4 70
Chronic hospitals 4 71
Sanataria 4 72 81 18
Poor houses and farms 4 80
Poor house, almshouse 4 81 114 18
Poor farm,
workhouse		 4 82 67 19
Maternity homes for
unmarried mothers		 4 91
Homes for widows, single, fallen women 4 92
Detention homes 4 93
Misc. asylums 4 94 71
Home, other dependent 4 95 247 7
Institution combination or unknown 4 96
Non-Institutional Group Quarters
Non-institutional Group Quarters 5 00
Military 6 00
U.S. army installation 6 01 339 137
Navy, marine installation 6 02 46
Navy ships 6 03 158
Air service 6 04
College dormitory 7 00 77 7
Military service academies 7 01
Rooming house 8 00
Hotel 8 01 479 20
House, lodging apartments 8 02 908 192
YMCA, YWCA 8 03 45
Club 8 04
Other Non-Institutional GQ 9 00
Schools 9 10 84 8
Boarding schools 9 11
Academy, institute 9 12 64 12
Industrial training 9 13 121
Indian school 9 14 26
Hospitals 9 20 647 58
Hospital, charity 9 21
Infirmary 9 22 73
Maternity hospital 9 23
Children's hospital 9 24
Religious institutions
Church, Abbey 9 31 4
Convent 9 32 108 17
Monastery 9 33 19
Mission 9 34 28
Seminary 9 35 31 19
Religious commune 9 36
Other religious 9 37
Work sites 9 40 24
Construction, except railroad 9 41 94 244
Lumber 9 42 90 9
Mining 9 43 42 58
Railroad 9 44 431 446
Farms, ranches 9 45 63 63
Ships, boats 9 46 115 7
Other industrial 9 47 58
Other worksites 9 48 63 39
Nurses home, dorm 9 50 15
Fragments 9 99 1604 199

GQFUNDS - H 76-77

Group quarters funding code

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Households sampled as group quarters.

Description/Comparability:

GQFUNDS describes the funding source for each group quarters. The 1950 census directly recorded the type of agency that operated each institution; for 1850, 1880, 1910 and 1920 GQFUNDS was inferred from the title recorded on the manuscript and from the occupants' personal characteristics (e.g., occupation, relationship).

Flags: QGQ.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston 1920
N/A 00 80371 20293
Public Funds
Federal support 11 694 234
Federal and state 12
State support 13 929 92
Local support 14 515 201
State and local 15
Other government 17 162
Public, unspecified 18
Private Funds
Private, unspecified 21 363
Private, nonprofit 22
Private, commercial 23 676
Religious 24 842 88
Other charitable 25 64
Ethnic, fraternal 26 46
Private or unknown 30 3587 235
Fragments 99 1604 199

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

FARM - H 78

Farm status

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

FARM identifies farm households. Census methods for defining and identifying farms have changed several times. For 1910 enumerators identified as a farm any household located on either a tract of 3 or more acres used for any agricultural operations, regardless of the amount of labor or produce involved, or a tract of fewer than 3 acres which either yielded $250+ in produce sales in the previous year or employed at least one full-time farmer or agricultural laborer.

Flags: QFARM.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Non-Farm 1 64458 18767
Farm 2 24356 3614

FARMSCHD - H 79

Farm schedule

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

FARMSCHD indicates whether any member of the household received a farm schedule to be filled out for the agricultural census. For 1910, it also reveals how many farms household members operated. The variable PFARMSCH indicates which people within the household filled out the 1910 schedule(s). (See the variable FARM. All operators of farms were to receive farm schedules.)

Flags: QFARM.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
No 1 64775 18753
Yes, 1 schedule 2 23812 3612
Yes, 2 schedules 3 202 15
Yes, 3 schedules 4 20 1
Yes, 4 schedules 5 4
Yes, 5 schedules 6 1

OWNERSHP - H 80 General
H 80 - 81 Detailed

Ownership of dwelling

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households (not group quarters or fragments).

Description:

OWNERSHP indicates whether the household rented or owned its housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement are understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed payment of the mortgage.

In 1910, some enumerators simply entered a check mark in response to the census question "Home owned or rented?" Records with these enumerator's marks are coded separately.

Flags: QOWNERSH.

General - Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
N/A 0 8263 1996
Owned or being bought (loan) 1 38036 8357
Rents 2 42515 12028

Detailed - Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
N/A 0 0 8263 1996
Owned or being bought 1 0 36152 8357
Check mark (owns?) 1 1 1884
Rents 2 0 42515 12028

MORTGAGE - H 82

Mortgage status

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Owner-occupied housing units.

Description:

MORTGAGE indicates whether or not owner-occupied housing units were owned free and clear or encumbered by a mortgage, loan, or other type of debt. (See also OWNERSHP.) Owners living in part of a multiple unit were included in 1910.

Flags: QMORTGAG.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
N/A 0 50778 14024
No, owned free and clear 1 24091 7300
Check mark (owns?) 2 2331
Yes, mortgaged/deed of trust or similar debt 3 11614 1057

OTHER VARIABLES

HISPRULE - H 98

Hispanic sample point selection rule

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

HISPRULE refers to the Hispanic sample-point selection rule that guided data entry decision-making. Hispanic sample points were selected based on the following criteria: birthplaces, parental birthplaces, language, race, or surname, using the procedures described in the Introduction to IPUMS-2000, Volume 1: User's Guide.

This variable is available only for the 1910 Hispanic Oversample.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Birthplace 1 12821
Language 2 2109
Race 3 134
Surname 4 975
Non-Hispanic 5 6342

SAMPRULE - H 99

Sampling rule

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households.

Description/Comparability:

SAMPRULE is an IPUMS-constructed variable which identifies the PUMS-specific sampling rule used in the selection of each case. Since the sampling procedures varied among PUMS, definitions for SAMPRULE values 1 and 2 vary by year as well. Only those values that apply to the 1910 PUMS and the Hispanic Oversample are shown here.

For these two samples, cases may be taken as households, related groups, or individuals according to the following rules:
1 = A household defined as:
      1910 PUMS: A unit with 20 or fewer persons unrelated to the head
      Hispanic Oversample: A unit with 30 or fewer members.
2 = Not applicable to 1910 or Hispanic Oversample.
3 = A group of related individuals sampled within large units.
4 = Individuals sampled within large units.
5 = A household fragment sampled as a large unit.

For most purposes, the group quarters variable GQ will be more useful than SAMPRULE. The group quarters concept for these earlier PUMS is broader than the group quarters definition imposed in the IPUMS. SAMPRULE allows users to identify group quarters units, originally defined in these samples as "large units" (those units housing 31+ persons). See also Chapter 2, "Sample Design,"in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide for a full discussion of sampling rules.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Household 1 80599 20385
Large unit of:
Related individuals 3 43 81
Unrelated individuals 4 4899 1713
Fragment 5 3273 202

REEL - H 100-103

Microfilm reel number

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

REEL gives the National Archives number of the microfilm reel from which the case was entered. For each year, REEL can be used in conjunction with other variables to locate and view the case as it appeared on the original census form. For 1910, use REEL, MICROSEQ, PAGENO, LINE.

Codes: See text above.

PAGENO - H 106-108

Microfilm page number

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

PAGENO gives the microfilm page number from which the case was entered. For 1910 these are the page numbers stamped on the forms before microfilming. PAGENO can be used in conjunction with other variables to locate and view the case as it appeared on the original census form (see REEL).

Codes: See text above.

LINE - H 115-117

Line number

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

LINE gives the census-form line number of the randomly selected sample point that identifies the case. LINE can be used in conjunction with other variables to locate and view the case as it appeared on the original census form (see REEL).

Codes: See text above.

MICROSEQ - H 119

Microfilm sequence number

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

MICROSEQ indicates to which of the four sequences of page numbers on each 1910 microfilm reel the case belonged (i.e., the page numbering repeats itself within microfilm reels). MICROSEQ can be used in conjunction with REEL, PAGENO, and LINE to locate and view the case as it appeared on the original 1910 census form (see REEL).

Codes: See text above.

ENUMMO - H 120-121

Month of enumeration

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

ENUMMO gives the month in which the enumerator began to gather information for the census page containing the case.

The values for this variable were recorded for the Hispanic Oversample but were not included in the original 1910 PUMS.

Codes:

00 = missing
01 = January
02 = February
03 = March
04 = April
05 = May
06 = June
07 = July
08 = August
09 = September
10 = October
11 = November
12 = December

ENUMDAY - H 122-123

Day of enumeration

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X

Universe: All households and group quarters.

Description:

ENUMDAY, which should be read with ENUMMO, gives the day of the month in which the enumerator began to gather information for the census page containing the case.

The values for this variable were recorded for the Hispanic Oversample but were not included in the original 1910 PUMS.

Codes:

00 = missing.

CONSTRUCTED VARIABLES

NFAMS - H 190-191

Number of families in household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Not group quarters.

Description:

NFAMS is a constructed variable that indicates the number of families within each household. A "family" is any group of persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage. An unrelated individual within the household is considered a separate family. Thus, a household consisting of a widow and her servant contains two families; a household consisting of a large, multiple-generation extended family with no boarders, lodgers, or servants would count as a single family.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
1 family 01 76084 19677
2 families 02 8862 1733
3 03 2134 442
4 04 737 185
5 05 369 117
6 06 201 58
7 07 124 36
8 08 85 26
9 09 65 26
10 10 36 13
11 11 32 14
12 12 17 10
13 13 17 6
14 14 11 5
15 15 11 6
16 16 9 7
17 17 4 1
18 18 7 1
19 19 4 2
20 20 2 1
21 21 3 2
22 22 5
23 23 4
24 24 2
25 25
26 26
27 27 2

NCOUPLES - H 192

Number of married couples in household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Not group quarters.

Description:

NCOUPLES is a constructed variable (using the variable SPLOC, spouse's location in the household) that counts the number of married couples within each household.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
No couples 0 23965 7429
1 couple 1 62812 14372
2 2 1928 528
3 3 90 41
4 4 12 6
5 5 6 4
6 6 1 1

NMOTHERS - H 193

Number of mothers in household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Not group quarters.

Description:

NMOTHERS is a constructed variable (using the variable, MOMLOC, mother's location in household) that indicates the number of mothers within each household.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
No mothers 0 31268 8484
1 mother 1 53005 12691
2 2 4398 1132
3 3 133 65
4 4 8 6
5 5 1 1
6 6 1 1
7 7 1

NFATHERS - H 194

Number of fathers in household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Not group quarters.

Description:

NFATHERS is a constructed variable (using the variable, POPLOC, father's location in household) that indicates the number of fathers within each household.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
No fathers 0 36193 9690
1 father 1 50195 12091
2 2 2352 560
3 3 64 33
4 4 7 5
5 5 3 2

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