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Slave Census Home • Data Description • Variables • Get Data

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Enslaved Population Data Download: Version 1

This is the original full count version of the enslaved population released in 2024. It was superceded by the 2026 revision, which added disability data and improved manumission and fugitive data for 1860. The 1850 data were not affected.

Data Files

1850 Stata
1850 SPSS
1860 Stata
1860 SPSS

You must be registered with IPUMS USA to download the data files. To check your account status or register to use IPUMS USA, see account options.

The following variables in this version of the 1860 data have been deprecated in the newer version -- either superceded or incorporated into new variables:

• NFUGITIVE - Number of fugitives from holding. Based on original data capture with light review. Only counted values entered on the first or last row of holding. Superceded by data in new version of 1860.
• NMANUMIT - Number of slaves manumitted from holding. Based on original data capture with light review. Only counted values entered on the first or last row of holding. Superceded by data in new version of 1860.
• NFUGITIVES_M - Number of fugitives from holding (Menard). These sample data are incorporated in the new version of 1860 into the variable NFUGITIVES, where they are combined with similarly entered data for the rest of the South.
• NMANUMITS_M - Number manumitted from holding (Menard). These sample data are incorporated in the new version of 1860 into the variable NMANUMITS, where they are combined with similarly entered data for the rest of the South.
• FUGITIVE_IND - Fugitive slave (individual-level)(Menard). These sample data are incorporated in the new version of 1860 into the variable FUGITIVE, where they are combined with similarly entered data for the rest of the South.
• MANUMIT_IND - Manumitted slave (individual-level)(Menard). These sample data are incorporated in the new version of 1860 into the variable MANUMIT, where they are combined with similarly entered data for the rest of the South.

Citation

Researchers should cite the 2024 full count data files for the enslaved population as follows:

J. David Hacker, Ronald Goeken, Matt A. Nelson, and Matthew Sobek. IPUMS Full Count Datasets of the 1850 and 1860 Censuses of the Enslaved Population of the United States [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D013.V2.0