1910 Hispanic Oversample: Data Dictionary (Person Records)

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PERSON RECORD

TECHNICAL VARIABLES

RECTYP - P 1

Record type

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

M User Caution: RECTYP is an alphabetic variable.

Universe: All persons.

Description:

RECTYP assigns all person records the alphabetic string "P." This allows users to discriminate between person and household records; the latter are assigned the string "H" in the household-record variable RECTYP. All data pertaining to any household pertains to all of the persons within it.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Person record P 366239 95517

YEAR - P 2-3

Census year

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

YEAR identifies the census year of the case. YEAR is repeated on household records. The middle two digits of the census year are used. For example, the code for 1910 is "91."

Codes: See text above.

DATANUM - P 4-5

Data set number

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

In census years with multiple public use microdata samples (PUMS) available, DATANUM identifies the specific sample. This allows researchers to combine PUMS and still be able to identify the sample from which the case was drawn.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
1910 1 366239
1910 Hispanic Oversample 3 95517

SERIAL - P 6-13

Household serial number

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

SERIAL is an identifying number, unique to each household in a given census year sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (Person records also have their own unique identifiers -- see PERNUM.) A combination of YEAR, DATANUM, SERIAL, and PERNUM provides a unique identifier for every case in the IPUMS.

Codes: See text above.

PERNUM - P 14-15

Person number in sample unit

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

PERNUM numbers all persons within each household consecutively (starting from "1" for each household) in the order in which they appear on the original census form. When combined with YEAR, DATANUM, and SERIAL, PERNUM uniquely identifies each person within the IPUMS.

Codes: See text above.

PERWT - P 20-23

Person weight

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

PERWT indicates how many persons from the whole population each sampled person represents. There are three versions of the 1910 sample: (1) the original PUMS, (2) the Hispanic Oversample, and (3) a combined 1910 sample that includes the original PUMS, the Hispanic Oversample and the Black Oversample.

To obtain nationally representative statistics, PERWT should always be used for person-level analyses on Hispanic Oversample data when used alone or when using the combined 1910 sample. (HHWT, which has the same values as PERWT, should be used on household-record analyses.) PERWT gives the number of persons represented by a sample person. In 1910 the number is 251.8925 for persons not included in the oversampled counties. For persons in the oversampled counties, weights vary by county and by race (Hispanic-Mexican origin; Hispanic-Cuban origin; or non-Hispanic).

For example, when using the Hispanic Oversample alone, PERWT for Hispanics in the two Florida counties is 2; for Hispanics in all other oversample counties, the value is 5; and for non-Hispanics, PERWT is specific to each oversample county (see Appendix B, Weights by County, page 87, for a list of the oversample counties and their respective weights). In the combined 1910 sample, PERWT is adjusted to account for the presence of additional Hispanic and non-Hispanic individuals identified in the original 1910 PUMS as well as for additional blacks identified in the Black Oversample (who become non-Hispanics in the combined sample).

Sample design and the specific application of weights in the Hispanic Oversample are described in 2.20.9 - 2.20.16. For further discussion, see the Introduction, Chapter 2 "Sample Designs" in IPUMS-2000, Volume 1: User's Guide and "1910 Sampling Procedures" in the IPUMS-2000, Volume 3: Counting the Past.

User Note: Although the complex sample designs required for the Hispanic Oversample and the Black Oversample have resulted in complicated weights for some samples, in practice users need not be overly concerned about them. Each of the 1910 samples available includes values for PERWT that are calculated appropriately for that sample. If users simply remember to weight their person-level analysis by PERWT (or household-level by HHWT), they can be assured of representativeness in their results.

Codes:

See text above and Appendix B, Weights by Count, pages 2.20.18 - 2.20.20.

CORE DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

RELATE - P 48-49 General
P 48-51 Detailed

Relationship to household head

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

RELATE describes an individual's relationship to the head of household. The general relationship code is fully comparable across years in the IPUMS. The detailed codes make distinctions that cannot be made in all years. The relationship codes are divided into two categories - relatives (codes 1-10) and non-relatives (codes 11-12). The codes for relatives are self-explanatory; the non-relative codes are divided into three groups: "Partner, Friend, Visitor," roughly described as persons who do not pay or work for their accommodations without sharing ownership, "Other Non-Relatives" including those persons paying or working for accommodations, and "Institutional Inmates."

Persons enumerated in secondary boarding schools and military barracks in 1910 are included in the "student (12 21)" and "military (12 22)" categories. We did not retain distinctions between different kinds of employees; for example, cooks, servants, governesses, and maids are classified as "domestic employees." We recommend using the occupation variables (OCC and OCC1950) to determine specific occupations of employees.

Flags: QRELATE.

General - Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Relatives:
Head/householder 1 80631 20513
Spouse 2 63786 14663
Child 3 163626 43470
Child-in-law 4 1882 544
Parent 5 3030 813
Parent-in-law 6 2460 551
Sibling 7 5013 1718
Sibling-in-law 8 2925 886
Grandchild 9 5430 1569
Other relatives 10 4233 1702
Code Preston Hispanic
Non-relatives:
Partner, friend, visitor 11 731 895
Other non-relatives 12 29897 7693
Institutional inmates 13 2596 500

Detailed - Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Relatives:
Head/householder 01 01 80631 20513
Spouse 02 01 63786 14663
2nd/3rd wife (Polygamous) 02 02
Child 03 01 160422 42419
Adopted child 03 02 423 210
Stepchild 03 03 2724 818
Adopted, n.s. 03 04 57 23
Child-in-law 04 01 1865 540
Stepchild-in-law 04 02 17 4
Parent 05 01 2978 798
Stepparent 05 02 52 15
Parent-in-law 06 01 2453 550
Stepparent-in-law 06 02 7 1
Sibling 07 01 4943 1678
Step/half/adopted sibling 07 02 70 40
Sibling-in-law 08 01 2923 886
Step/half sibling-in-law 08 02 2
Grandchild 09 01 5364 1552
Adopted grandchild 09 02 4
Step grandchild 09 03 53 15
Grandchild-in-law 09 04 9 2
Other Relatives
Other relatives, n.s. 10 01 75 19
Grandparent 10 11 111 59
Step grandparent 10 12 2
Grandparent-in-law 10 13 15 5
Aunt or uncle 10 21 385 97
Aunt, uncle-in-law 10 22 16 1
Nephew, niece 10 31 2904 1229
Nephew/niece-in-law 10 32 29 7
Step/adopted nephew/niece 10 33 5
Grand nephew/niece 10 34 52 22
Code Preston Hispanic
Cousin 10 41 604 252
Cousin-in-law 10 42 5 4
Great grandchild 10 51 27 7
Other relatives, n.e.c. 10 61 3
Non-Relatives:
Partner, friend, visitor 11 01
Friend 11 11 33 41
Partner 11 12 463 740
Relative of partner 11 20 4
Concubine/mistress/ children 11 30 3
Visitor 11 31 122 13
Companion and companion's family 11 32 93 57
Allocated partner, friend, visitor 11 39 20 37
Other Non-Relatives: 12 00
Pre-1940 System:
Boarders 12 02 13184 3177
Lodgers 12 03 5764 2253
Roomer 12 04 2124 770
Tenant 12 05 14 15
Foster child 12 06 104
Employees:
Servant 12 11 3801 423
Housekeeper 12 12 224 22
Maid 12 13 68 2
Cook 12 14 91 24
Nurse 12 15 129 8
Other probable domestic employees 12 16 36 4
Other employee 12 17 2617 446
Relative of employee 12 19 83 26
Military 12 21 209 78
Students 12 22 205 36
Members of religious orders 12 23 110 28
Other non-relatives 12 30 349 64
Allocated other non-relatives 12 39 785 317
Institutional inmates 13 01 2595 500

AGE - P 52-54

Age

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

AGE gives the person's age in years as of their last birthday prior to or on the day of enumeration.

Flags: QAGE.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
000 less than 1 year 0 8827 2993
001 year 1 7751 2351
002 years 2 8557 2593
003 3 8363 2746
004 4 8538 2557
005 5 7968 2568
006 6 8176 2463
007 7 7763 2441
008 8 7885 2305
009 9 7343 2024
010 10 7352 2268
011 11 6795 1712
012 12 7695 2056
013 13 7034 1781
014 14 7340 1916
015 15 6792 1891
016 16 7637 1913
017 17 7131 1733
018 18 7721 2118
019 19 7069 1926
020 20 7465 2154
021 21 7011 1689
022 22 7323 2131
023 23 7063 2027
024 24 7196 1973
025 25 7124 2289
026 26 6850 1866
027 27 6209 1575
028 28 6945 1871
029 29 5477 1373
030 30 7213 2454
Code Preston Hispanic
031 years 31 4547 896
032 32 5782 1368
033 33 4956 1195
034 34 5098 1131
035 35 6153 1754
036 36 5169 1297
037 37 4520 994
038 38 5528 1461
039 39 4498 1025
040 40 6077 2055
041 41 3348 590
042 42 4531 935
043 43 3693 705
044 44 3509 653
045 45 4486 1262
046 46 3143 719
047 47 3100 577
048 48 3830 923
049 49 3216 621
050 50 4452 1442
051 51 2510 375
052 52 3167 516
053 53 2743 425
054 54 2608 452
055 55 2736 592
056 56 2413 488
057 57 2016 320
058 58 2153 410
059 59 1900 299
060 60 2647 907
061 61 1519 197
062 62 1787 257
063 63 1593 244
064 64 1504 231
065 65 1948 379
066 66 1272 191
067 67 1145 172
068 68 1152 180
069 69 1086 117
070 70 1289 294
071 71 698 82
072 72 902 122
073 73 809 107
074 74 690 91
075 75 801 131
076 76 605 88
Code Preston Hispanic
077 years 77 463 63
078 78 448 59
079 79 357 40
080 80 445 111
081 81 258 21
082 82 257 28
083 83 174 8
084 84 200 22
085 85 163 33
086 86 109 15
087 87 93 12
088 88 66 12
089 89 55 5
090 90 72 23
091 91 28 2
092 92 21 3
093 93 11 2
094 94 8 3
095 95 18 6
096 96 9 7
097 97 14 1
098 98 6 2
099 99 5 2
100 100 7 5
101 101 3 1
102 102 2
103 103 1 1
104 104
105 105 1
106 106 1 1
107 107 1 1
108 108
110 110
111 111
112 112 1
114 114
119 119
125 125 1

SEX - P 55

Sex

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Flags: QSEX.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Male 1 188616 51747
Female 2 177623 43770

RACE - P 56 General
P 56-58 Detailed

Race

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

RACE was asked of every person. Race is coded into a general scheme that makes it comparable with other census years in the IPUMS and a detailed race code which preserves detail available in 1910 but not necessarily available in all other census years.

An "other" category was added in 1910, with the exact race to be written in the margin of the schedule. The number of specified races generally grew over time, with "mulatto" coming and going around the turn of the century. Mulatto status is a malleable concept that probably was not interpreted consistently. We code mulattos as a subset of Blacks, but there was undoubtedly some slippage into other racial categories.

Users should note what specific categories were detailed on the census schedules, particularly in the early years when no write-in "other" category was provided. "Chinese" and/or "Japanese" may have absorbed some other possible Asian responses in years in which other choices were not available.

No distinct Hispanic "race" has ever been delineated. Although the instructions to enumerators did not permit "Mexican" as a race in 1910, a large number of individuals were given a race of "M" or Mx" by their enumerator. In the Hispanic Oversample, these individuals are given a detail code of "Spanish write-in." See the introductory text as well as the Hispanic Oversample variable HISPRULE_HIST for a description of how Hispanic individuals were selected for this oversample.

Flags: QRACE.

General - Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
White 1 323925 91133
Black/Negro 2 39212 3951
American Indian 3 1169 64
Chinese 4 397 176
Japanese 5 667 129
Other Asian or Pacific 6 184
Other race, n.e.c. 7 685 64

Detailed - Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
White 1 00 323925 72153
Spanish write-in 1 10 18980
Black/Negro 2 00 30945 2642
Mulatto 2 10 8267 1309
American Indian 3 00 1169 64
Chinese 4 00 397 176
Japanese 5 00 667 129
Hawaiian 6 30 184
Other race, n.e.c. 7 00 685 64

MARST - P 59

Marital status

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Age 12 and over.

Description:

MARST gives each person's current marital status. We coded all persons under age 12 as "never married/not applicable" although the census did not actually impose a minimum age on the question.

Flags: QMARST.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Married, spouse present 1 134041 31198
Married, spouse absent 2 7320 2889
Divorced 4 1421 384
Widowed 5 19090 5027
Never married/single 6 204367 56019

DURMARR - P 60-61

Duration of current marital status

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Currently married persons.

Description:

DURMARR gives the number of years each person's current marital status has been in effect. In 1910 the question was "number of years married" and was asked only of currently married persons: "If a person was now married, how long had they been so?"

Flags: QDURMARR.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Less than one year 00 4876 1147
1 year 01 6238 1727
2 02 6546 1788
3 03 7005 2038
4 04 6338 1859
5 05 6145 1883
6 06 5656 1525
7 07 5552 1367
8 08 5127 1399
9 09 4663 1204
10 10 5779 1808
11 11 3813 904
12 12 4298 1262
13 13 3602 932
14 14 3787 1043
15 15 4062 1069
16 16 3426 807
17 17 3195 677
18 18 3350 762
19 19 2923 577
20 20 4050 1163
21 21 2484 498
22 22 2685 574
23 23 2452 491
24 24 2230 433
25 25 2938 640
26 26 2049 423
27 27 2132 356
28 28 1897 378
29 29 1652 267
30 30 2558 618
31 31 1305 173
32 32 1417 248
33 33 1255 174
34 34 1112 156
35 35 1562 271
36 36 1080 153
37 37 997 136
38 38 1029 139
39 39 862 105
40 40 1399 262
41 41 637 74
42 42 754 91
43 43 600 47
44 44 676 67
Code Preston Hispanic
45 years 45 622 86
46 46 367 30
47 47 299 28
48 48 272 25
49 49 293 28
50 50 351 62
51 51 154 19
52 52 154 18
53 53 163 6
54 54 123 6
55 55 93 20
56 56 100 4
57 57 69 7
58 58 53 10
59 59 31 4
60 60 40 12
61 61 14
62 62 12
63 63 12 3
64 64 9 1
65 65 14 4
66 66 2
67 67 5
68 68 6 2
69 69 1
70 70 7 2
71 71
73 73 1
76 76 2
N/A 99 224867 61425

MARRNO - P 62

Times married

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Currently married persons, age 12 and over.

Description:

MARRNO indicates whether or not ever-married persons had been married more than once. Many enumerators recorded the number of marriages for persons married more than twice, and the 1910 PUMS and Hispanic Oversample preserve this information for those individuals.

Flags: QMARRNO.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
Not Applicable 0 204370 56019
Married once 1 123093 29350
Married twice (or more) 2 11875 2878
Three times 3 638 177
Four times 4 63 19
Five times 5 8 2
Six times 6 1 4
Unknown 7 24 1
Illegible 8 5 30
Missing 9 26162 7037

CHBORN - P 63-64

Children ever born

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Ever-married females, age 12 and over.

Description:

CHBORN reports the number of children ever born to each woman of whom the question was asked (see universe). The women were to report all live births by all fathers, whether or not the child was still living; they were to exclude still births, adoptions, and stepchildren. The 1910 census contains a related question coded in the variable, CHSURV (Children surviving).

User Note:

After removing the "not applicable" category (coded "00"), users must subtract 1 from the value of CHBORN to get the actual number of children ever born.

Flags: QCHBORN.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
N/A 00 282457 75470
No children 01 12905 2710
1 child 02 13799 3051
2 children 03 12617 2655
3 04 9863 2168
4 05 7994 1926
5 06 6262 1547
6 07 5133 1298
7 08 4064 1076
8 09 3358 863
9 10 2501 675
10 11 1972 627
11 12 1275 403
12 (12+ 1960-1990) 13 925 413
13 14 491 217
14 15 281 176
15 16 170 89
16 17 86 77
17 18 35 23
18 19 23 21
19 20 9 14
20 21 8 10
21 22 2 1
22 23 3 2
23 24 2 1
24 25 1
25 (25+ 1950) 26 2
26 27 1 1
29 30 2
57 57 1

CHSURV - P 65-66

Children surviving

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Ever-married females, age 12 and over.

Description:

CHSURV indicates how many of the children ever born to each ever-married woman age 12 and over were still living on census day (see CHBORN). This includes all children born to that woman by all fathers, and regardless of the child's current place of residence. Women were not to count adopted or step- children.

User Note:

After removing the "not applicable" category (coded "00"), users must subtract 1 from the value of CHBORN to get the actual number of children ever born.

Flags: QCHSURV.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
N/A 00 282457 75470
No children surviving 01 15468 3600
1 child surviving 02 16587 3816
2 children 03 14564 3343
3 04 10836 2719
4 05 8267 2087
5 06 6138 1558
6 07 4420 1190
7 08 3023 743
8 09 2058 490
9 10 1252 247
10 11 634 134
11 12 314 55
12 13 148 47
13 14 48 9
14 15 13 4
15 16 10 2
16 17 1
18 19 1
19 20 1
24 25 2

FAMILY INTERRELATIONSHIP VARIABLES

MOMLOC - P 26-27

Mother's location in the household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons (but see the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide).

Description:

MOMLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother (see PERNUM). The method by which probable child-mother links are identified is described in MOMRULE_HIST; see also the "Family Inter-relationships" chapter of the IPUMS-98 User's Guide for a general discussion of IPUMS-constructed family interrelationship variables.

MOMLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) mothers.

M User Caution:

MOMLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepmother and adopted mother) as well as biological relationships. Researchers wishing to exclude these social relationships from their analysis should use STEPMOM.

Flags: See coding explanations for the variables STEPMOM and MOMRULE_HIST.

Codes:

00 = No mother of this person present in household.

STEPMOM - P 28

Probable step/adopted mother

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons (but see the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide).

Description:

STEPMOM indicates whether a person's mother, as identified by MOMLOC, was most probably not the person's biological mother. Non-zero values of STEPMOM explain why it is probable that the person's mother was a step- or adopted mother. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepmother because (1) the mother identified in MOMLOC was probably the biological mother or (2) there is no mother of this person present in the household. See MOMRULE_HIST and the general discussion of IPUMS-constructed family interrelationship variables in the chapter "Family Interrelationships" of the IPUMS-98 User's Guide.

0 =
Biological mother or no mother of this person present in household.
1 =
Age difference between mother and child was less than 15 or greater than 49 years.
2 =
Link was established only because the mother was married to father.
3 =
Census explicitly identified as stepmother.
4 =
Mother has 0 children surviving.
5 =
Census explicitly identified as adopted.
6 =
Child is older than mother's current marriage and mother's response in BPL does not match child's response in MBPL.
7 =
If the number of children linked to each mother exceeds the number of children born or the number of children surviving (whichever is valid), unlink the eldest child(ren) with the same surname unless the mother is listed as wife and the child is listed as a stepchild of the head.

If more than one value applied to the case, the lowest value was assigned.

Users should note that there are many stepmothers and adopted mothers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the census. Therefore, STEPMOM will always underrepresent their actual number in the population.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
No stepmother present 0 361105 94042
Improbable age difference 1 431 280
Spouse of father 2 400 245
Identified stepmother 3 71 13
No surviving children 4 597 146
Identified as adopted 5 388 192
Birthplace/marriage duration mismatch 6 993 208
Number of children/ children surviving check 7 2254 391

MOMRULE_HIST - P 29

Rule for linking mother

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons (but see the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide).

Description:

MOMRULE_HIST explains why the IPUMS variable MOMLOC linked the person to a probable mother. Mother-child links are established according to seven basic rules, and MOMRULE_HIST gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. If a link could be made according to more than one rule, the lower-numbered rule was the one applied:

0 =

No mother of this person present in household.
1 = Unambiguous relationship, based upon relationships to the head of household as listed on the census record. This covers three basic cases:

  • persons listed as a son or daughter are linked to persons listed as wife.
  • persons listed as head, brother, or sister are linked to persons listed as mother.
  • persons listed as wife, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law are linked to persons listed as mother-in-law.
2 =
Persons listed as grandchildren are linked to the most proximate preceding (on the census form) ever-married daughter, unmarried daughter (if immediately followed by a grandchild), or daughter-in-law of the head if the daughter/daughter-in-law is 11-59 years older than the grandchild. If no link is formed with a preceding female, look for the most proximate subsequent female.
3 =

Other persons are linked to any preceding ever-married female who is 15-59 years older so long as:

  • the two persons have listed relationships to the head that, when compared with one another, make a child-mother link plausible, and
  • there are no persons listed between the potential child and mother, excepting the potential mother's other children or husband.
4 =
Same as rule 3, but surname similarity overrides part b. If more than one potential mother is found in this way, the most proximate preceding female is linked.
5 =
Same as rule 2, except evidence on children surviving overrides the potential mother's lack of "ever-married" status.
6 =
Same as rule 3, except evidence on children surviving overrides the potential mother's lack of "ever-married" status.
7 =
If the child is already linked to a father (see POPLOC and POPRULE_HIST), and that father has a wife present in the household who has not been linked to the child by another rule, the wife is linked to the child as a stepmother, regardless of the age gap between child and wife.

Consistency Checks:

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
No mother link 0 198417 50640
Unambiguous mother link 1 162631 42930
Daughter/grandchild link 2 3204 1059
Preceding female (no intervening person) 3 1178 532
Preceding female (surname similarity) 4 233 100
Daughter/grandchild (child surviving status) 5 136 3
Preceding female (child surviving status) 6 40 8
Spouse of father becomes stepmother 7 400 245

POPLOC - P 30-31

Father's location in the household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons (but see the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide).

Description:

POPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father (see PERNUM). The method by which probable child-father links are identified is described in POPRULE_HIST; see also the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide.

POPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) fathers.

M User Caution:

POPLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepfather and adopted father) as well as biological relationships. Researchers wishing to exclude these social relationships from their analysis should use STEPPOP.

Flags: See the coding explanation for the variables STEPPOP and POPRULE_HIST.

Codes:

00 = No father of this person present in household.

STEPPOP - P 32

Probable step/adopted father

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons (but see the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide).

Description:

STEPPOP indicates whether a person's father, as identified by POPLOC, was most probably not the person's biological father. Non-zero values of STEPPOP explain why it is probable that the person's father was a step- or adopted father. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepfather because (1) the father identified in POPLOC was probably the biological father or (2) there is no father of this person present in the household. See POPRULE_HIST and the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide for a fuller explanation.

0 =
Biological father or no father of this person present in household.
1 =
Age difference between father and child was less than 15 or more than 64 years.
2 =
Link was established only because the father was married to mother.
3 =
Census explicitly identified as stepfather.
5 =
Census explicitly identified as adopted.
6 =
Child is older than father's current marriage and father's response in BPL does not match child's response in FBPL.
7 =
Surname differs and child is a male or never-marrried female.

If more than one value applied to the case, the lowest value was assigned.

User's should note that there are many stepfathers and adopted fathers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the census. Therefore, STEPPOP will always underrepresent their actual number in the population.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
No stepfather present 0 361495 93627
Improbable age difference 1 183 125
Spouse of mother 2 124 104
Identified stepfather 3 298 181
Identified as adopted 5 225 98
Birthplace/marriage duration mismatch 6 1269
Surname difference; male child or never-married female 7 2645 1382

POPRULE_HIST - P 33

Rule for linking father

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Persons linked to a father in POPLOC.

Description:

POPRULE_HIST explains why the IPUMS variable POPLOC linked the person to a probable father. Father-child links were established according to seven basic rules, and POPRULE_HIST gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. If a link could be made according to more than one rule, the lower-numbered rule was the one applied:

0 =
No father of this person present in household.
1 =

Unambiguous relationship, based upon relationships to the head of household as listed on the census record. This covers three basic cases:

  • persons listed as a son or daughter are linked to persons listed as head.
  • persons listed as head, brother, or sister are linked to persons listed as father.
  • persons listed as wife, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law are linked to persons listed as father-in-law.
2 =
Persons listed as grandchildren are linked to the most proximate preceding (on the census form) ever-married son, an unmarried son (if immediately followed by grandchild), or son-in-law of the head if the son/son-in-law is 15- 79 years older than the grandchild. If no link is formed with a preceding male, look for the most proximate subsequent male.
3 =

Other persons are linked to any preceding ever-married male who is 15-79 years older so long as:

  • the two persons have listed relationships to the head that, when compared with one another, make a child-father link plausible, and
  • there are no persons listed between the potential child and father, excepting the potential father's other children or wife.
4 =
Same as rule 3, but surname similarity overrides part b. If more than one potential father is found in this way, the most proximate preceding male is linked.
7 =
If the child is already linked to a mother (see MOMLOC and MOMRULE_HIST), and that mother has a husband present in the household who has not been linked to the child by another rule, the husband is linked to the child as a stepfather, regardless of the age difference between the child and the stepfather.

Consistency Checks:

  1. If the child was linked to a father and mother who were not married to one another, the IPUMS unlinked the father. If a husband and wife were both linked to the same father and/or mother, the IPUMS chose the best parental link based on detailed relationship, surname, and proximity within the household as listed on the census form.
  2. If both parents are present but they aren't married to each other, unlink the one with the mismatched surname (except in 1900 and in 1960 through 1990. Otherwise choose the immediately preceding parent).

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
No father link 0 212424 54907
Unambiguous father link 1 150253 39208
Son/grandchild link 2 1924 653
Preceding male
(no intervening person)		 3 1414 592
Preceding male
(surname similarity)		 4 100 53
Husband of mother becomes stepfather 7 124 104

SPLOC - P 34-35

Spouse's location in the household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe:

All persons, but see the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide.

Description:

SPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the spouse (see PERNUM). The method by which probable spouse-spouse links are identified is described in SPRULE_HIST; see also the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide.

SPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of (probable) spouses.

Flags: See coding explanation for the variable SPRULE_HIST.

Codes:

00 = No spouse of this person present in household.

SPRULE_HIST - P 36

Rule for linking spouse

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: Persons linked to a spouse in SPLOC.

Description:

SPRULE_HIST explains why the IPUMS variable SPLOC linked the person to a probable spouse. The IPUMS establishes spouse-spouse links according to five basic rules, and SPRULE_HIST gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question:

0 =
No spouse of this person present in household.
1 =

A married woman and a married man were linked because she was listed immediately after him on the census form and both persons' relationship to the household head, when compared with one another, justified a link, as follows:

Man's Relationship To Head
Head of household
Son
Father
Father-in-law
Brother
Brother-in-law

Woman's Relationship to Head:
Wife
Daughter-in-law
Mother
Mother-in-law
Sister-in-law
Sister

2 =
Same as rule 1, but the married woman's name appeared immediately before the married man's name on the census form.
3 =

A married woman and a married man who did not appear adjacently on the census form were linked because

  • they had one of the relationship sets listed in rule 1;
  • they were both age 16+;
  • the man was not more than 25 years older than the woman; and
  • the woman was not more than 10 years older than the man.
4 =
A married woman whose relationship to the head was not listed, or did not match the married man's as specified in rule 1, was still linked to a married man because he was listed immediately before her on the census form, their ages fit parts c and d of rule 3, and the resulting link did not link a nonrelative to a relative.
5 =
Same as rule 4, but the married woman's name appeared immediately before the married man's name on the census form.
6 =
For links made under Rules 1-5, check to see if this link creates an inconsistency with SURSIM , surname similarity, (in pre-1960 years other than 1900 and 1910) or DURMARR, duration of marriage, (in 1900 and 1910) or AGEMARR, age of first marriage (for those married at least once in 1960-1980). If a conflict is identified, search the household for an alternate partner.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
No spouse link 0 232195 64315
Unambiguous link:
Wife follows husband 1 130956 30162
Wife precedes husband 2 892 256
Non-adjacent names; consistent relationship to head/age differences 3 558 282
Adjacent names (woman follows man); no age, other relative conflicts 4 1502 432
Adjacent names (woman precedes man); no age, other relative conflicts 5 108 42
Alternate partner (if conflict in Rule 1-5 link) 6 28 28

FAMSIZE - P 37-38

Number of own family members in household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

FAMSIZE counts the number of the person's own family members living in the household with her/him, including the person her/himself. These include all persons that the census form indicates are related to the person by blood, adoption, or marriage (see RELATE). FAMSIZE also incorporates information contained in MOMLOC, IMPMOM, POPLOC, IMPPOP, SPLOC, and IMPSP. These IPUMS-constructed family-interrelationship variables are discussed in the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
1 family member present 01 33010 9223
2 family members present 02 34844 8144
3 03 48822 10473
4 04 55448 12092
5 05 52015 12690
6 06 44772 11898
7 07 34440 9821
8 08 25552 7840
9 09 16758 5418
10 10 10280 3480
11 11 5687 1903
12 12 2424 1152
13 13 1274 702
14 14 476 266
15 15 240 150
16 16 80 32
17 17 17 51
18 18 18 72
19 19 19
20 20 40 40
21 21 21
22 22 22
23 23 23
27 27 27

NCHILD - P 39

Number of own children in household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

NCHILD counts the number of the person's own children living in the household with her/him.

This variable is comparable for all years, but see the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide for a discussion of these IPUMS-constructed variables.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
0 children present 0 248862 66985
1 child present 1 38808 8151
2 2 27471 6152
3 3 18566 4716
4 4 12681 3575
5 5 8494 2433
6 6 5420 1667
7 7 3032 943
8 8 1653 500
9+ 9 1252 395

NCHLT5 - P 40

Number of own children under age 5 in household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

NCHLT5 counts the number of the person's own children age 4 and under living in the household with her/him. See the chapter on "Family Inter-relationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide for a discussion of these IPUMS-constructed variables.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
No children under age 5 0 312220 79531
1 child under age 5 1 31859 8556
2 2 18054 5948
3 3 3850 1394
4 4 243 94
5 5 13 4

FAMUNIT - P 41-42

Family unit membership

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

Within the household, FAMUNIT indicates to which family each person belongs. If there is only one group of related individuals within the household, all of them will be coded "1;" if there is a second, separate such group listed on the form, all of them will be coded "2," and so on. See the discussion of IPUMS-constructed variables in the "Introduction" to the IPUMS-98 User's Guide for further information.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
1st family in household 1 341371 88614
2nd family in household 2 14850 3374
3 3 4447 1145
4 4 1970 662
5 5 1134 404
6 6 719 268
7 7 493 202
8 8 341 172
9 9 250 136
10 10 165 103
11 11 144 83
12 12 99 60
13 13 78 50
14 14 54 45
Code Preston Hispanic
15 15 42 35
16 16 29 32
17 17 20 21
18 18 16 23
19 19 9 21
20 20 5 18
21 21 3 16
22 22 13
23 23 9
24 24 4
25 25 3
26 26 2
27 27 2

ELDCH - P 43-44

Age of eldest own child in household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

ELDCH gives the age of the person's eldest own child (if any) living in the household with her/him. See the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide for a discussion of these constructed variables. The highest legitimate age for ELDCH is "98."

Codes:

99 = N/A (no own children present in household).

YNGCH - P 45-46

Age of youngest own child in household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

YNGCH gives the age of the person's youngest own child (if any) living in the household with her/him. See the chapter on "Family Inter-relationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide for a discussion of these constructed variables. The highest legitimate age for YNGCH is "98."

Codes:

99 = N/A (no own children present in household).

NSIBS - P 47

Number of own siblings in household

Availability:

Preston Hispanic
X X

Universe: All persons.

Description:

NSIBS counts the number of the person's own siblings (including half-siblings) living in the household with her/him. Persons with no siblings present are coded "0." See the chapter on "Family Interrelationships" in the IPUMS-98 User's Guide.

Codes and Frequencies:

Code Preston Hispanic
No own siblings present 0 202618 50007
1 own sibling 1 39102 9236
2 2 32248 8499
3 3 27954 7985
4 4 22940 6731
5 5 17232 5371
6 6 11095 3536
7 7 6867 2152
8 8 3573 1107
9+ 9 2610 893

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