1880 Occupation Codes
This page presents the 1880 census occupational classification system recorded in the IPUMS variable OCC (the 1850-1900 samples also use this classification). The page shows each occupation category and its corresponding OCC code. The occupations are grouped into several large industrial groupings (e.g., agriculture). In addition to this contemporary system, the IPUMS codes all census years into the 1950 occupation classification scheme, recording them in the variable OCC1950. The OCC1950 classification has corresponding occupational standing measures recorded in the variables SEI, NPBOSS50, PRESGL, EDSCOR50, ERSCOR50, and OCCSCORE. Our essay on "Integrated Occupation and Industry codes and Occupational Standing Variables in the IPUMS" describes how we construct harmonized occupational variables as well as occupational standing variables.
| Occupation Category | ||
|---|---|---|
| AGRICULTURE | TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION | NON-OCCUPATIONAL RESPONSE |
| PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL SERVICES | MANUFACTURING, MECHANICAL & MINING INDUSTRIES | |
| OCC | Occupation |
|---|---|
| Agriculture | |
| 001 | Agricultural laborers |
| 002 | Apiarists |
| 003 | Dairymen and dairywomen |
| 004 | Farm and plantation overseers |
| 005 | Farmers and planters |
| 006 | Florists |
| 007 | Gardeners, nurserymen, and vine-growers |
| 008 | Stock-drovers |
| 009 | Stock-herders |
| 010 | Stock-raisers |
| 011 | Turpentine farmers and laborers |
| 012 | Others in agriculture |
| Professional and Personal Services | |
| 013 | Actors |
| 014 | Architects |
| 015 | Artists and teachers of art |
| 016 | Auctioneers |
| 017 | Authors, lecturers, and literary persons |
| 018 | Barbers and hairdressers |
| 019 | Billiard- and bowling saloon keepers and employees |
| 020 | Boarding- and lodging-house keepers |
| 021 | Chemists, assayers, and metallurgists |
| 022 | Clergy |
| 023 | Clerks and copyists |
| 024 | Clerks in government offices |
| 025 | Clerks in hotels and restaurants |
| 026 | Collectors and claim agents |
| 027 | Dentists |
| 028 | Designers, draughtsmen, and inventors |
| 029 | Domestic servants |
| 030 | Employees of charitable institutions |
| 031 | Employees of government (not clerks) |
| 032 | Employees of hotels and restaurants (not clerks) |
| 033 | Engineers (civil) |
| 034 | Hostlers |
| 035 | Hotel keepers |
| 036 | Hunters, trappers, guides, and scouts |
| 037 | Janitors |
| 038 | Journalists |
| 039 | Laborers (not specified) |
| 040 | Launderers and laundresses |
| 041 | Lawyers |
| 042 | Livery-stable keepers |
| 043 | Messengers |
| 044 | Midwives |
| 045 | Musicians (professional) and teachers music |
| 046 | Nurses |
| 047 | Officers of the Army and Navy |
| 048 | Officials of government |
| 049 | Physicians and surgeons |
| 050 | Restaurant keepers |
| 051 | Sexton |
| 052 | Showmen and employees of shows |
| 053 | Soldiers, sailors, and Marines (Army Navy) |
| 054 | Teachers and scientific persons |
| 055 | Veterinary surgeons |
| 056 | Watchmen (private) and detectives |
| 057 | Whitewashers |
| 058 | Others in professional and services |
| Trade and Transportation | |
| 059 | Agents (not specified) |
| 060 | Bankers and brokers |
| 061 | Boatmen and watermen |
| 062 | Bookkeepers and accountants in stores |
| 063 | Brokers (commercial) |
| 064 | Canalmen |
| 065 | Clerks in stores |
| 066 | Clerks and bookkeepers in banks |
| 067 | Clerks and bookkeepers in companies |
| 068 | Clerks and bookkeepers in offices |
| 069 | Clerks and bookkeepers in railroad offices |
| 070 | Commercial travelers |
| 071 | Draymen, hackmen, teamsters, etc. |
| 072 | Employees in warehouses |
| 073 | Employees of banks (not clerks) |
| 074 | Employees of insurance companies (clerks) |
| 075 | Employees of railroad companies |
| 076 | Hucksters and peddlers |
| 077 | Milkmen and milkwomen |
| 078 | Newspaper criers and carriers |
| 079 | Officials and employees of companies (not clerks) |
| 080 | Officials and employees of street companies |
| 081 | Officials and employees of telegraph companies |
| 082 | Officials and employees of telephone companies |
| 083 | Officials and employees of trade and transportation companies (not specified) |
| 084 | Officials of banks |
| 085 | Officials of insurance companies |
| 086 | Officials of railroad companies |
| 087 | Packers |
| 088 | Pilots |
| 089 | Porters and laborers in stores warehouses |
| 090 | Sailors |
| 091 | Salesmen and saleswomen |
| 092 | Saloon keepers and bartenders |
| 093 | Shippers and freighters |
| 094 | Steamboat men and women |
| 095 | Stewards and stewardesses |
| 096 | Toll-gate and bridge keepers |
| 097 | Traders and dealers (not specified) |
| 098 | Traders and dealers in agricultural implements |
| 099 | Traders and dealers in books stationary |
| 100 | Traders and dealers in boots and shoes |
| 101 | Traders and dealers in cabinet ware |
| 102 | Traders and dealers in cigars and tobacco |
| 103 | Traders and dealers in clothing and men's furnishing goods |
| 104 | Traders and dealers in coal and wood |
| 105 | Traders and dealers in cotton and wool |
| 106 | Traders and dealers in crockery, china, glass, and stoneware |
| 107 | Traders and dealers in drugs and medicines |
| 108 | Traders and dealers in dry foods, fancy foods, and notions |
| 109 | Traders and dealers in gold and silverware and jewelry |
| 110 | Traders and dealers in groceries |
| 111 | Traders and dealers in hats, caps, and furs |
| 112 | Traders and dealers in ice |
| 113 | Traders and dealers in iron, tin, and copperware |
| 114 | Traders and dealers in junk |
| 115 | Traders and dealers in leather, hides, and skins |
| 116 | Traders and dealers in liquors and wines |
| 117 | Traders and dealers in livestock |
| 118 | Traders and dealers in lumber |
| 119 | Traders and dealers in marble, stone and slate |
| 120 | Traders and dealers in music and musical instruments |
| 121 | Traders and dealers in newspapers periodicals |
| 122 | Traders and dealers in oils, paints, and turpentine |
| 123 | Traders and dealers in paper and paper stock |
| 124 | Traders and dealers in produce and provisions |
| 125 | Traders and dealers in real estate |
| 126 | Traders and dealers in sewing machines |
| 127 | Undertakers |
| 128 | Weighers, gaugers, and measurers |
| 129 | Others in trade and transportation |
| Manufacturing, Mechanical, and Mining Industries | |
| 130 | Agricultural implement makers |
| 131 | Artificial-flower makers |
| 132 | Apprentices to trades |
| 133 | Bag makers |
| 134 | Bakers |
| 135 | Basket makers |
| 136 | Blacksmiths |
| 137 | Bleachers, dyers and scourers |
| 138 | Blind, door and sash makers |
| 139 | Boat makers |
| 140 | Bone and ivory workers |
| 141 | Bookbinders and finishers |
| 142 | Boot and shoemakers |
| 143 | Bottlers and mineral-water makers |
| 144 | Box factory operatives |
| 145 | Brass founders and workers |
| 146 | Brewers and maltsters |
| 147 | Brick and tile makers |
| 148 | Bridge builders and contractors |
| 149 | Britannia and japanned ware makers |
| 150 | Broom and brush makers |
| 151 | Builders and contractors (not specified) |
| 152 | Butchers |
| 153 | Button-factory operatives |
| 154 | Cabinet makers |
| 155 | Candle, soap, and tallow makers |
| 156 | Car makers |
| 157 | Carpenters and joiners |
| 158 | Carpet makers |
| 159 | Carriage and wagon makers |
| 160 | Charcoal and lime burners |
| 161 | Cheese makers |
| 162 | Chemical-works employees |
| 163 | Cigar makers |
| 164 | Clerks and bookkeepers in manufacturing estabs. |
| 165 | Clock and watchmakers and repairers |
| 166 | Confectioners |
| 167 | Coopers |
| 168 | Copper workers |
| 169 | Corset makers |
| 170 | Cotton-mill operatives |
| 171 | Distillers and rectifiers |
| 172 | Employees in manufacturing estabs. (not specified) |
| 173 | Engineers and firemen |
| 174 | Engravers |
| 175 | Fertilizer establishment operatives |
| 176 | File makers, cutters, and grinders |
| 177 | Fishermen and oystermen |
| 178 | Flax dressers |
| 179 | Fur workers |
| 180 | Galloon, gimp, and tassel makers |
| 181 | Gas-works employees |
| 182 | Gilders |
| 183 | Glass-works operatives |
| 184 | Glove makers |
| 185 | Gold and silver workers and jewelers |
| 186 | Gun- and lock-smiths |
| 187 | Hair cleaners, dressers, and workers |
| 188 | Harness and saddle makers |
| 189 | Hat and cap makers |
| 190 | Hosiery and knitting mill operatives |
| 191 | Iron and steel works and shops operatives |
| 192 | Lace makers |
| 193 | Lead and zinc works operatives |
| 194 | Leather case and pocket-book makers |
| 195 | Leather curriers, dressers, finishers, and tanners |
| 196 | Lumbermen and raftsmen |
| 197 | Machinists |
| 198 | Manufacturers |
| 199 | Marble and stone cutters |
| 200 | Masons (brick and stone) |
| 201 | Meat and fruit preserving establishment employees |
| 202 | Meat packers, curers, and picklers |
| 203 | Mechanics (not specified) |
| 204 | Mill and factory operatives (not specified) |
| 205 | Millers |
| 206 | Milliners, dressmakers, and seamstresses |
| 207 | Miners |
| 208 | Mirror and picture frame makers |
| 209 | Nail makers |
| 210 | Officials of manufacturing and mining companies |
| 211 | Oil mill and refinery operatives |
| 212 | Oil well operatives and laborers |
| 213 | Organ makers |
| 214 | Painters and varnishers |
| 215 | Paperhangers |
| 216 | Paper mill operatives |
| 217 | Pattern makers |
| 218 | Photographers |
| 219 | Pianoforte makers and tuners |
| 220 | Plasterers |
| 221 | Plumbers and gasfitters |
| 222 | Potters |
| 223 | Printers, lithographers, and stereotypers |
| 224 | Print-works operatives |
| 225 | Publishers of books, maps, and newspapers |
| 226 | Pump makers |
| 227 | Quarrymen |
| 228 | Quartz and stamp-mill operatives |
| 229 | Rag pickers |
| 230 | Railroad builders and contractors |
| 231 | Roofers and slaters |
| 232 | Rope and cordage makers |
| 233 | Rubber factory operatives |
| 234 | Sail and awning makers |
| 235 | Salt makers |
| 236 | Saw and planing mill operatives |
| 237 | Sawyers |
| 238 | Scale and rule makers |
| 239 | Screw makers |
| 240 | Sewing machine factory operatives |
| 241 | Sewing machine operators |
| 242 | Shingle and lath makers |
| 243 | Ship carpenters, caulkers, riggers, and smiths |
| 244 | Shirt, cuff, and collar makers |
| 245 | Silk mill operatives |
| 246 | Starch makers |
| 247 | Stave, shook, and heading makers |
| 248 | Steam boiler makers |
| 249 | Stove, furnace, and grate makers |
| 250 | Straw workers |
| 251 | Sugar makers and refiners |
| 252 | Tailors and tailoresses |
| 253 | Thread makers |
| 254 | Tinners and tinware makers |
| 255 | Tool and cutlery makers |
| 256 | Trunk, valise, and carpet-bag makers |
| 257 | Tobacco factory operatives |
| 258 | Umbrella and parasol makers |
| 259 | Upholsterers |
| 260 | Wheelwrights |
| 261 | Wire makers and workers |
| 262 | Wood choppers |
| 263 | Wood turners, carvers, and woodenware makers |
| 264 | Woolen mill operatives |
| 265 | Others in manufacturing, mechanical, and mining industries |
| 266 | Officials, industry not specified |
| 291 | Engaged in slave trade |
| Non-Occupational Response | |
| 301 | Keeping house, logical change |
| 302 | Keeping house |
| 303 | At home |
| 304 | Student |
| 305 | Retired |
| 306 | Without occupation, unemployed |
| 307 | Sick, disabled |
| 308 | Institutional inmate |
| 309 | Gentleman |
| 310 | Other non-occupational response |
| 975 | Have occupation, not classified |
| 979 | Unclassified |
| 990 | Enumerated as 'Formerly a slave" or equivalent |
| 996 | Mark for allocation |
| 997 | Illegible/uninterpretable |
| 999 | Blank |
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