- Description
- Codes
- Comparability
- Universe
- Availability
- Questionnaire Text
- Flags
- Source Variables
- Editing Procedure
Description
INCOTHER is a residual variable reporting how much of each respondent's total money income (or losses), as recorded in the IPUMS variable INCTOT, came from sources not included in the other IPUMS person-record income variables (INCWAGE, INCBUSFM, INCBUS, INCBUS00, INCFARM, INCSS, INCSUPP, INCWELFR, INCINVST, and INCRETIR). The censuses collected information on such income during the preceding calendar year; for the ACS and the PRCS, the reference period was the past 12 months.
Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation (See INCTOT for Consumer Price Index adjustment factors). The exception is the ACS/PRCS multi-year files, where all dollar amounts have been standardized to dollars as valued in the final year of data included in the file (e.g., 2007 dollars for the 2005-2007 3-year file). Additionally, more detail may be available than exists in the original ACS samples.
User Note: ACS respondents are surveyed throughout the year, and amounts do not reflect calendar year dollars. While the Census Bureau provides an adjustment factor (available in ADJUST), this is an imperfect solution. See the ACS income variables note for further details.
INCOTHER is a 5-digit numeric "residual" variable reporting how much of each respondent's total money income (or losses), as recorded in the IPUMS variable INCTOT, came from sources not included in the other IPUMS person-record income variables (INCWAGE, INCBUSFM, INCBUS, INCBUS00, INCFARM, INCSS, INCSUPP, INCWELFR, INCINVST, and INCRETIR). INCSS specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below by Census year (and data sample if specified).
User Note: Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation (See Description).
INCOTHER Specific Variable Codes
-0001 = Net loss (1950)
99999 = N/A
99998 = Unknown
INCOTHER | ||
Census | Bottom Code | Top Code |
1950 | Net loss | $10,000 |
1960 | -$9,900 | $25,000 |
1970 | -$9,900 | $50,000 |
1980 | $0 | $75,000 |
1990 | $0 | $20,000* |
2000 | $0 | $37,800** |
ACS (2000) | $0 | $16,126** |
ACS (2001) | $0 | $24,636** |
ACS (2002) | $0 | $25,000** |
ACS (2003-onward) | $0 | 99.5th Percentile in State** |
PRCS (2005-onward) | $0 | 99.5th Percentile in State** |
* Higher amounts are expressed as the state medians of values above the listed Top Code value for that specific Census year (i.e. For Census Year 1990, any observed value greater than the Top Code value of $20,000 was coded as the median value greater than $20,000 within that observation's state.).
** Higher amounts are expressed as the state means of values above the listed Top Code value for that specific Census year.
Values Exceeding Top codes, by State: 1990 - onward
Comparability
This variable is not comparable across years. Later years collected information on more specific types of income than did earlier years, so fewer types of income fell into the "other" (INCOTHER) category in later years. For a list of the variables that comprise total income for each year, see the INCTOT variable description.
In 1950 and 1960, respondents were simply to give the amount of money income received from sources other than wages and self-employment. Beginning in 1970, the instructions excluded income from the sale of personal property, lump-sum insurance and inheritance payments, and pay "in kind." Examples of possible sources of additional income, such as Veterans' payments, unemployment compensation, child support, and alimony were also listed on the form.
The codes for most years represent midpoints of intervals instead of exact dollar amounts. For 1950 and 1970, the codes represent the midpoints of hundred-dollar intervals. For 1960, the codes 50 to 9950 and -50 to -9950 represent the midpoints of hundred-dollar intervals, and 10500 to 24500 represent the midpoints of thousand-dollar intervals. For 1980, the codes represent the midpoints of ten-dollar intervals. The 1990 codes are expressed as exact dollar amounts.
The 2000 census, the ACS and the PRCS codes are amounts rounded as follows:
No income | $0 |
$1 - $7 | $4 |
$8 - $999 | rounded to nearest $10 |
$1,000 - $49,999 | rounded to nearest $100 |
$50,000 or more | rounded to nearest $1000 |
Universe
- 1950: Sample-line persons age 14+; all persons age 14+ in Alaska.
- 1960-1970: Persons age 14+.
- 1980-2000: Persons age 15+.
- ACS, PRCS: Persons age 15+.
Availability
- 2023: All samples
- 2022: All samples
- 2021: All samples
- 2020: All samples
- 2019: All samples
- 2018: All samples
- 2017: All samples
- 2016: All samples
- 2015: All samples
- 2014: All samples
- 2013: All samples
- 2012: All samples
- 2011: All samples
- 2010: ACS; ACS 3yr; ACS 5yr
- 2009: All samples
- 2008: All samples
- 2007: All samples
- 2006: All samples
- 2005: All samples
- 2004: All samples
- 2003: All samples
- 2002: All samples
- 2001: All samples
- 2000: All samples
- 1990: All samples
- 1980: All samples
- 1970: All samples
- 1960: All samples
- 1950: All samples
- 1940: --
- 1930: --
- 1920: --
- 1910: --
- 1900: --
- 1880: --
- 1870: --
- 1860: --
- 1850: --
- 2023: All samples
- 2022: All samples
- 2021: All samples
- 2020: All samples
- 2019: All samples
- 2018: All samples
- 2017: All samples
- 2016: All samples
- 2015: All samples
- 2014: All samples
- 2013: All samples
- 2012: All samples
- 2011: All samples
- 2010: PRCS; PRCS 3yr; PRCS 5yr
- 2009: All samples
- 2008: All samples
- 2007: All samples
- 2006: All samples
- 2005: All samples
- 2000: All samples
- 1990: All samples
- 1980: All samples
- 1970: All samples
- 1930: --
- 1920: --
- 1910: --
Questionnaire Text
2023 ACS | 2011 ACS | 1980 1% | 1950 1% |
2022 ACS | 2006 ACS | 1970 Form 2 Metro | |
2021 ACS | 2000 1% | 1970 Form 1 Metro | |
2016 ACS | 1990 1% | 1960 1% |
[ ] No
[ ] No
[ ] No
[ ] No
If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "No" box for the other person.
When reporting income received jointly, DO NOT include the amount for a person not listed on pages 2, 3, or 4.
47h. Include Veterans' (VA) disability compensation and educational assistance payments (VEAP); unemployment compensation, child support or alimony; and all other regular payments such as Armed Forces transfer payments, assistance from private charities, regular contributions from persons not living in the household.
Mark (X) the "Yes" box for each type of income this person received, and give your best estimate of the TOTAL AMOUNT during the PAST 12 MONTHS. (NOTE: The "past 12 months" is the period from today's date one year ago up through today.)
Mark (X) the "No" box to show types of income NOT received.
If net income was a loss, mark the "Loss" box to the right of the dollar amount.
For income received jointly, report the appropriate share for each person -- or, if that's not possible, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "No" box for the other person.
[ ] No
Mark (X) the "Yes" box for each type of income this person received, and give your best estimate of the TOTAL AMOUNT during the PAST 12 MONTHS. (NOTE: The "past 12 months" is the period from today's date one year ago up through today.)
Mark (X) the "No" box to show types of income NOT received.
If net income was a loss, mark the "Loss" box to the right of the dollar amount.
For income received jointly, report the appropriate share for each person -- or, if that's not possible, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "No" box for the other person.
[ ] No
Do Not include the following as income in any item:
- Refunds or rebates of any kind
- Withdrawals from savings of any kind
- Capital gains or losses from the sale of homes, shares of stock, etc.
- Inheritances or insurance settlements
- Any type of loan
- Pay in-kind such as food, free rent
For income received jointly, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the ?No? box for the other person. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate.
h. Any other sources of income received regularly such as Veterans' (VA) payments, unemployment compensation, child support, or alimony - Do NOT include lump-sum payments such as money from an inheritance or sale of a home.
Annual amount - Dollars
$[ ][ ][ ],[ ][ ][ ].00
[] No
Fill the "Yes" circle below for each income source received during 1989. Otherwise, fill the "No" circle. If "Yes," enter the total amount received during 1989. For income received jointly, see instruction guide. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate. If net income was a loss, write "Loss" above the dollar amount.
"Fill the Yes or No circle for each part and enter the amount received during 1989. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and fill the No circle for the other person."
[] No $________________ .00
Annual amount - Dollars
"Do not include the following as income in any item:
- Withdrawals from savings of any kind
- Capital gains or losses from the sale of homes, shares of stock, etc.
- Inheritances or insurance settlements
- Any type of loan
- Pay in-kind such as food, free rent, etc."
[] Yes - $____________________.00
(Annual amount - Dollars)
[] No
"Include all other regular payments, such as government employee retirement, union or private pensions and annuities; unemployment benefits; worker's compensation; Armed Forces allotments; private welfare payments; regular contributions from persons not living in the household; etc. Do not include lump-sum payments received from the sale of property (capital gains), insurance policies, inheritances, etc."
Include interest, dividends, veterans' payments, pensions, and other regular payments.
(See instruction sheet.)
(Dollars only)
OR
[] None
Veterans' payments - include money paid for service-connected disabilities, to survivors of deceased veterans, for education and on-the-job training subsistence allowances, and for 'refunds' on 'GI' insurance premiums.
Retirement pensions - include amounts paid by former private employers and by unions, and amounts paid by Federal, State, county, or other governmental agencies.
Other regular payments - include such periodic income as net rental income, unemployment insurance benefits, workmen's compensation, private welfare payments, alimony or child support, Armed Forces allotments, and regular contributions from persons who are not members of your household.
Exclude receipts from the sale or personal property, capital gains, lump-sum insurance or inheritance payments, or pay 'in kind.'"
Include interest, dividends, veterans' payments, pensions, and other regular payments.
(See instruction sheet.)
(Dollars only)
OR
[] None
Veterans' payments - include money paid for service-connected disabilities, to survivors of deceased veterans, for education and on-the-job training subsistence allowances, and for 'refunds' on 'GI' insurance premiums.
Retirement pensions - include amounts paid by former private employers and by unions, and amounts paid by Federal, State, county, or other governmental agencies.
Other regular payments - include such periodic income as net rental income, unemployment insurance benefits, workmen's compensation, private welfare payments, alimony or child support, Armed Forces allotments, and regular contributions from persons who are not members of your household.
Exclude receipts from the sale or personal property, capital gains, lump-sum insurance or inheritance payments, or pay 'in kind.'"
Pensions
Veteran's payments
Rent (minus expenses)
Interest or dividends
Unemployment insurance
Welfare payments
Any other source not already entered
[] No
What is the amount he received from these sources in 1959?
(If exact figure not known, give best estimate.)
$_________________.00
(Dollars only)
241. Item 31c. Entry for each sample person 14 years old and over.-There must be an entry of an amount or a check in the "None" box for each person 14 years of age and over who is on a sample line. The amount must be entered to the nearest whole dollar, not in dollars and cents. Enter "10,000+" if amount received was more than $10,000. Enter "Loss" above amount if there was a loss on rental of property.
242. Time period covered by item 31c.-January 1, 1949, through December 31, 1949.
243. General definition of other income.-"Other income" is money income of the types illustrated in paragraph 244 below; it represents all kinds of income except money received in direct return for work done as an employee or in own business.
244. Specific types of "Other income":
Occasional gifts should not be regarded as income. (See par. 233e.)
In addition to dependency allotments, servicemen may send home voluntary allotments. Such receipts should also be entered in item 31c.
Repayments to the person on the principal of a loan, withdrawals of deposits from savings or checking accounts, or accrued interest that has not yet been received, such as interest on "uncashed" U. S. savings bonds, are not included as interest. If U. S. savings bonds have been cashed, only the difference between the amount received and the original cost is to be included as interest.
If the respondent was the operator of a lodging house, the net income should be entered as "Income from own business" in item 31b.
Veterans engaged in on-the-job training are paid by their employers and also receive training subsistence from the government. The amount received from the employer should be entered as "Wages or salary" in item 31a; the amount received from the government should be entered as "Other income" in item 31c.
Editing Procedure
INCWAGE (Wage and salary income)
INCBUS00 (Business and farm income)
INCINVST (Interest, dividend, and rental income)
INCSS (Social Security income)
INCRETIR (Retirement income)
INCWELFR (Welfare or public assistance income)
INCSUPP (Supplementary Security Income)
INCOTHER (Other income)
INCEARN (Total personal earned income)
INCTOT (Total person income)
Years: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015
ACS editing procedure:
Note: The editing procedures for economic variables are complex and intertwined. This document describes the editing and allocation procedures that affect multiple income variables, but these procedures also affect other work-related variables.
Top codes
The income variables for wage/salary, business and farm, interest, Social Security, retirement, public assistance, Supplemental Social Security, and other income are all top coded at $99,999. If anyone reports a value greater than $99,999, it will be changed to $99,999.
Allocation
In the cases described below, the flag variables will indicate when a value if allocated (for income variables: QINCWAGE, QINCSS, QINCINVS, QINCRETI, QINCWELF, QINCSUPP, QINCOTHE). To receive an allocated value or be a donor for someone who needs an allocated value, the person must be in universe of the variable (e.g., be the appropriate age for the variable).
For some people, if many economic variables are missing, they will all be jointly allocated. For example, if a person is missing a value for at least one variable in each of the following four categories, the variables will be jointly allocated:
- Interest income, social security income, retirement income, public assistance income, supplemental social security income or other income (INCINVST, INCSS, INCRETIR, INCWELFR, INCSUPP, INCOTHER)
The allocated value is drawn from someone else with a similar value for SEX, AGE, SCHOOL, RELATE, MARST, EMPSTAT, VALUEH, and RENT. If that does not result in an allocated value, the allocation will be drawn from someone with a similar sex, age, and employment status.
For those people who were missing at least one variable in each of the four categories, if they report that they last worked more than 12 months ago or never worked (WORKEDYR), WKSWORK2, UHRSWORK will both be replaced with "Not in universe."
If a person has a missing value for WORKEDYR, the values for WKSWORK2, UHRSWORK, and WORKEDYR will all be jointly allocated. The allocated value is drawn from another person with similar values for sex, age, school enrollment, RELATE, marital status, and employment status. If that does not result in an allocated value, the allocated value will be drawn from someone with a similar sex, age, and school enrollment status. If other information suggests that they have not worked in the past 12 months, their ability to work will also be taken into account (DISABWRK for 2005 to 2007).
If a person reports they last worked over 5 years ago, but has a valid response for class of worker (CLASSWKR), occupation (OCC) and industry (IND), WORKEDYR will be replaced with "Within the past 12 months."
If hours worked per week is missing and weeks worked last year is not, UHRSWORK will be allocated from another person with a similar value for sex, age, school enrollment, employment status, class of worker, and weeks worked last year. If that does not result in an allocated value, the allocated value will be drawn from someone with a similar sex, age, school enrollment, class of worker, and weeks worked last year.
If weeks worked last year is missing and all the earnings variables are not missing, WKSWORK2 will be allocated. If UHRSWORK is also missing, they will be allocated jointly. The allocated values are drawn from another person with a similar sex, age, school enrollment, RELATE, marital status, employment status, class of worker, hours worked per week (if reported), and earnings. If that does not result in an allocated value, the allocated value will be drawn from someone with a similar sex, age, hours worked per week (if reported), and earnings. If earnings are not reported, the allocated value of WKSWORK2 is drawn from someone with a similar value for sex and age. The jointly allocated values are drawn from someone with a similar value for sex, age, school enrollment, RELATE, marital status, and employment status.
If class of worker is missing, CLASSWKR will be allocated from another person with similar value for sex and industry (IND). If industry is missing, IND will be allocated from another person with a similar value for sex, OCC, age, class of worker, and EDUC. If that does not result in an allocated value, the allocated value will be drawn from someone with similar sex and occupation.
If IND, OCC, and CLASSWKR are all missing, they will be jointly allocated from someone with a similar value for sex, age, EDUC, WORKEDYR, LABFORCE, INCWAGE, hours worked per week, and weeks worked in the past year. If that does not result in allocated values, the allocated values will be drawn from someone with similar sex, age, education, and employment status.
If any earnings variables (INCWAGE, INCBUS00) are missing, they will be jointly allocated. The allocated value is drawn from someone with a similar value for sex, occupation, class of worker, weeks worked last year, hours worked per week, and age. If that does not result in allocated values, the allocated values will be drawn from someone with similar sex, age, and class of worker.
If interest earnings (INCINVST) is missing, it will be allocated from someone in a similar state and has a similar value for sex, METRO, VALUEH, age, RELATE, and then they last worked. If that does not result in allocated values, the allocated values will be drawn from someone with similar sex and age.
If social security earnings (INCSS) is missing, it will be allocated from someone with a similar value for RACE, age, RELATE, if they worked last year, and if the reference person in their house received social security income. If that does not result in allocated values, the allocated values will be drawn from someone with similar sex and age. If retirement earnings (INCRETIR) is missing, it will be allocated from someone with a similar value for race, age, marital status, if they worked last year, and if they received social security income. If that does not result in allocated values, the allocated values will be drawn from someone with similar sex and age.
If earnings from public assistance or supplemental social security (INCWELFR, INCSUPP) is missing, it will be allocated from someone in a similar state and has a similar value for sex, metropolitan status, VALUEH, age, RELATE, if they received social security income, if they are disabled, and FOODSTMP. If that does not result in allocated values, the allocated values will be drawn from someone with similar sex and age.
If earnings from other sources (INCOTHER) is missing, it will be allocated from someone in a similar state and has a similar value for sex, metropolitan status, VALUEH, age, RELATE, marital status, VETSTAT, and if they are disabled. If that does not result in allocated values, the allocated values will be drawn from someone with similar sex and age.
If multiple earnings variables are missing, they will be jointly allocated.
Not in universe and other corrections
If someone reports not having worked within the past 5 years (WORKEDYR), IND, OCC, and CLASSWKR will all be set to a missing value. If a person reports not working in the past year, WKSWORK2, UHRSWORK will both be set to a missing value.
If someone reports not having worked in the past 12 months and has a missing value for INCWAGE, it will be replaced with a 0.
Census variable: WAG SEM INT SS SSI PA RET OI TI