Description

For respondents who lived in a different residence 1 year before the survey date, MIGPLAC1 identifies the U.S. state, outlying territory, or the foreign country where the respondent lived at that time.

MIGPLAC5 provides analogous information for 1940 and 1960-2000 samples, using a 5-year rather than a 1-year reference period.

Comparability

The ACS and PRCS provide significantly less detail than is available for 1950 (see Migration Codes for ACS). In the ACS, several categories specified different content from that suggested by the label of the IPUMS category in which they are coded.

• 457 "Yugoslavia" is "Bosnia and Herzegovina"
• 465 "USSR" is "Russia"
• 710 "Pacific Islands" is "Other Australia and Oceania and at Sea" and therefore includes other places not implied by its location in the classification scheme.

The coding scheme for MIGPLAC1 for 1950 is nearly identical to that for birthplace (BPL). However, since MIGPLAC1 is a three-column variable and BPL is five columns, some differences were unavoidable. The following areas do not have the same general code in MIGPLAC1 as in BPL:

Universe

Availability

• 2023: All samples
• 2022: All samples
• 2021: All samples
• 2020: All samples
• 2019: All samples
• 2018: All samples
• 2017: All samples
• 2016: All samples
• 2015: All samples
• 2014: All samples
• 2013: All samples
• 2012: All samples
• 2011: All samples
• 2010: ACS; ACS 3yr; ACS 5yr
• 2009: All samples
• 2008: All samples
• 2007: All samples
• 2006: All samples
• 2005: All samples
• 2004: All samples
• 2003: All samples
• 2002: All samples
• 2001: All samples
• 2000: ACS
• 1990: --
• 1980: --
• 1970: --
• 1960: --
• 1950: 1%
• 1940: --
• 1930: --
• 1920: --
• 1910: --
• 1900: --
• 1880: --
• 1870: --
• 1860: --
• 1850: --

• 2023: All samples
• 2022: All samples
• 2021: All samples
• 2020: All samples
• 2019: All samples
• 2018: All samples
• 2017: All samples
• 2016: All samples
• 2015: All samples
• 2014: All samples
• 2013: All samples
• 2012: All samples
• 2011: All samples
• 2010: PRCS; PRCS 3yr; PRCS 5yr
• 2009: All samples
• 2008: All samples
• 2007: All samples
• 2006: All samples
• 2005: All samples
• 2000: --
• 1990: --
• 1980: --
• 1970: --
• 1930: --
• 1920: --
• 1910: --

Flags

Editing Procedure

MIGRATE1 (Migration status, 1 year) MIGPUMA1 (PUMA of residence 1 year ago) MIGPLAC1 (State of country of residence 1 year ago)
ACS Years: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015
ACS editing procedure:
Migration status
If migration status (MIGRATE1) is "Same as person 1" (an option on CATI/CAPI), MIGRATE1 and MIGPUMA1 and MIGPLAC1 will be replaced with the values from person 1. If there is no person 1, MIGRATE1 will be replaced with a missing value. Starting in 2008, if person 1 has this response, MIGRATE1 and MIGPUMA1 and MIGPLAC1 will be replaced with the values from the first person in the household with either "No, outside the United States and Puerto Rico" or "No, different house in the United States or Puerto Rico" for MIGRATE1.
If a person is under 1 year old, MIGRATE1 will be replaced with "Not in universe."
If a person is 1 or older, reports their migration status as "Not reported" "Person is under year old" "No, outside the U.S." or "No, unspecified" and MIGPLAC1 is a U.S. state, MIGRATE1 will be replaced with "No, different house in the U.S." If MIGPLAC1 is Puerto Rico, MIGRATE1 will be replaced with "No, different house in Puerto Rico or the U.S."
If a person is 1 or older, reports their migration status as "Not reported" "Person is under year old" "No, different house in the U.S." or "No, unspecified", current state of residence is in the U.S., and MIGPLAC1 is outside the U.S., MIGRATE1 will be replaced with "No, outside the U.S." If a person is 1 or older, reports their migration status as "Not reported" "Person is under year old" "No, different house in Puerto Rico or the U.S." or "No, unspecified", current state of residence is Puerto Rico., and MIGPLAC1 is outside the U.S., MIGRATE1 will be replaced with "No, outside Puerto Rico or the U.S."
If a person is 1 or older, reports their migration status as "Person is under year old" or "No, unspecified" and MIGPLAC1 is not reported, MIGRATE1 will be replaced with "Not reported."
If a person is 1 or older, does not report a value for MIGRATE1 or MIGPLAC1, is the reference person or their spouse, and MOVEDIN indicates they moved in the past 12 months, MIGRATE1 will be replaced with "No, different house in the United States." If MOVEDIN was not within the past year, but there is a spouse or a son/daughter (aged 1-18) with a value of MIGRATE1, that value will be assigned to the reference person or the spouse. For the reference person - if MIGRATE1 is still missing, it will be allocated from another reference person with a similar value for RACE, AGE, EMPSTAT, EDUC, and METRO. For the spouse of the reference person - if MIGRATE1 is still missing, it will be replaced with the reference person's value.
If a person is between 1 and 18, does not report a value for MIGRATE1 or MIGPLAC1, is the child of the reference person, and MOVEDIN indicates they moved in the past 12 months, MIGRATE1 will be replaced with "No, different house in the United States." If MOVEDIN was not within the past year, but there is a female spouse of the reference person with a value of MIGRATE1, that value will be assigned to the child of the reference person. If there is not a female spouse of the reference person, MIGRATE1 will be replaced with the reference person's value.
For a person who is 1 or older, is not the spouse or child (age 18 and under) of the reference person, and does not report a value for MIGRATE1 or MIGPLAC1, MIGRATE1 will be allocated from another person with a similar value for RACE, AGE, EMPSTAT, EDUC, and METRO.
Migration state and PUMA
If a person is not in universe for MIGRATE1, they are also not in universe for MIGPUMA1 and
MIGPLAC1.
If the reference person does not report a value for MIGPLAC1 or MIGPUMA1 and there is a spouse or child (age 1-18) in the household with the same value as the reference person for MIGRATE1 who has a value for MIGPLAC1 or MIGPUMA1, that value will be assigned to the reference person. If the value is still missing it will be allocated. For those who report moving from within the U.S., the allocated value will be drawn from another person with a similar value for MIGRATE1, BPL, RACE, AGE, EMPSTAT, EDUC, and METRO. For those who report moving from outside the U.S., the allocated value will be drawn from another person with a similar value for MIGRATE1, HISPAN, RACE, AGE, and EMPSTAT.
If the spouse of the reference person does not report a value for MIGPLAC1 or MIGPUMA1 but the reference person does and has the same value for MIGRATE1 as the spouse, the reference person's value of MIGPLAC1 and MIGPUMA1 value will be assigned to the spouse of the reference person. If there is a child of the reference person who is 1-18 with the same value of MIGRATE1 as the spouse, their values of MIGPLAC1 and MIGPUMA1 will be assigned to the spouse of the reference person. If MIGPLAC1 and MIGPUMA1 are still missing, they will be allocated. For those who report moving from outside the U.S., the allocated value will be drawn from another person with a similar value for MIGRATE1, HISPAN, RACE, AGE, and EMPSTAT. For those who report moving from within the U.S., the allocated value will be drawn from another person with a similar value for MIGRATE1, BPL, RACE, AGE, EMPSTAT, EDUC, and METRO.
If the child (age 1-18) of the reference person does not report a value for MIGPLAC1 or MIGPUMA1 but the reference person, the reference person's spouse, or another child of the reference person does, and has this person has same value for MIGRATE1 as the child, this person's value of MIGPLAC1 and MIGPUMA1 will be assigned to the child of the reference person. If MIGPLAC1 and MIGPUMA1 are still missing, they will be allocated. For those who report moving from outside the U.S., the allocated value will be drawn from another person with a similar value for MIGRATE1, HISPAN, RACE, AGE, and EMPSTAT. For those who report moving from within the U.S., the allocated value will be drawn from another person with a similar value for MIGRATE1, BPL, RACE, AGE, EMPSTAT, EDUC, and METRO.
For a person who is 1 or older, is not the spouse or child (age 18 and under) of the reference person, and does not report a value for MIGPLAC1 or MIGPUMA1, it will be allocated. For those who report moving from outside the U.S., the allocated value will be drawn from another person with a similar value for MIGRATE1, HISPAN, RACE, AGE, and EMPSTAT. For those who report moving from within the U.S., the allocated value will be drawn from another person with a similar value for MIGRATE1, BPL, RACE, AGE, EMPSTAT, EDUC, and METRO.
The same logic outlines in the steps above also applies when a person leaves the U.S. state they migrated from unspecified. If the immigrated from abroad, if no relative has a value for MIGPLAC1, a person's reported place of birth (BPL) will be assigned for MIGPLAC1. If that step fails, then the value be allocated.
The same steps also apply to disentangle the minor civil divisions within New York City or when other smaller geographic areas are not reported (small geographic areas are not publicly available in PUMS data).
Flags
The flag variables will indicate when the values are allocated: QMIGRAT1, QMIGPLC1