1970 Occupation Codes

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This page presents the 1970 census occupational classification system recorded in the IPUMS variable OCC. The page shows each occupation category and its corresponding OCC code. The occupations are organized into several large groupings of roughly descending socioeconomic status (e.g., professionals). In addition to this contemporary system, the IPUMS codes all census years into the 1950 occupation classification scheme, recording them in the variable OCC1950. A parallel variable called OCC1990, available for the samples from 1950 onward, codes occupations into a simplified version of the 1990 occupational coding scheme. The OCC1950 and OCC1990 classifications have corresponding occupational standing measures recorded in the variables SEI, HWSEI, NPBOSS50, NPBOSS90, PRESGL, PRENT, EDSCOR50, EDSCOR90, ERSCOR50, ERSCOR90, and OCCSCORE. Our essay on "Integrated Occupation and Industry codes and Occupational Standing Variables in the IPUMS" describes how we construct harmonized occupational variables as well as occupational standing variables.

Occupation Category
PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, AND KINDRED WORKERS OPERATIVES, EXCEPT TRANSPORT SERVICE WORKERS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD
MANAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS, EXCEPT FARM TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT OPERATIVES PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD WORKERS
SALES WORKERS LABORERS, EXCEPT FARM WORKERS NOT CLASSIFIABLE BY OCCUPATION
CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS
CRAFTSMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS FARM LABORERS AND FARM FOREMEN
OCC Occupation
Not Applicable
000 N/A (Not Applicable)
Professional, Technical, and Kindred Workers
001 Accountants
002 Architects
Computer specialists:
003 Computer programmers
004 Computer systems analysts
005 Computer specialists, n.e.c.
Engineers:
006 Aeronautical and astronautical engineers
010 Chemical engineers
011 Civil engineers
012 Electrical end electronic engineers
013 Industrial engineers
014 Mechanical engineers
015 Metallurgical and materials engineers
020 Mining engineers
021 Petroleum engineers
022 Sales engineers
023 Engineers, n.e.c.
024 Farm management advisors
025 Foresters and conservationists
026 Home management advisors
Lawyers and judges:
030 Judges
031 Lawyers
Librarians, archivists, and curators:
032 Librarians
033 Archivists and curators
Mathematical specialists:
034 Actuaries
035 Mathematicians
036 Statisticians
Life and physical scientists:
042 Agricultural scientists
043 Atmospheric and space scientists
044 Biological scientists
045 Chemists
051 Geologists
052 Marine scientists
053 Physicists and astronomers
054 Life and physical scientists, n.e.c.
055 Operations and systems researchers and analysts
056 Personnel and labor relations workers
Physicians, dentists, and related practitioners:
061 Chiropractors
062 Dentists
063 Optometrists
064 Pharmacists
065 Physicians, medical and osteopathic
071 Podiatrists
072 Veterinarians
073 Health practitioners, n.e.c.
Nurses, dietitians, and therapists:
074 Dietitians
075 Registered nurses
076 Therapists
Health technologists and technicians:
080 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
081 Dental hygienists
082 Health record technologists and technicians
083 Radiologic technologists and technicians
084 Therapy assistants
085 Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.
Religious workers:
086 Clergymen
090 Religious workers, n.e.c.
Social scientists:
091 Economists
092 Political scientists
093 Psychologists
094 Sociologists
095 Urban and regional planners
096 Social scientists, n.e.c.
Social and recreation workers:
100 Social workers
101 Recreation workers
Teachers, college and university:
102 Agriculture teachers
103 Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space teachers
104 Biology teachers
105 Chemistry teachers
110 Physics teachers
111 Engineering teachers
112 Mathematics teachers
113 Health specialties teachers
114 Psychology teachers
115 Business and commerce teachers
116 Economics teachers
120 History teachers
121 Sociology teachers
122 Social science teachers, n.e.c.
123 Art, drama, and music teachers
124 Coaches and physical education teachers
125 Education teachers
126 English teachers
130 Foreign language teachers
131 Home economics teachers
132 Law teachers
133 Theology teachers
134 Trade, industrial, and technical teachers
135 Miscellaneous teachers, college and university
140 Teachers, college and university, subject not specified
Teachers, except college and university:
141 Adult education teachers
142 Elementary school teachers
143 Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers
144 Secondary school teachers
145 Teachers, except college and university, n.e.c.
Engineering and science technicians:
150 Agriculture and biological technicians, except health
151 Chemical technicians
152 Draftsmen
153 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians
154 Industrial engineering technicians
155 Mechanical engineering technicians
156 Mathematical technicians
161 Surveyors
162 Engineering and science technicians, n.e.c.
Technicians, except health, engineering, or science:
163 Airplane pilots
164 Air traffic controllers
165 Embalmers
170 Flight engineers
171 Radio operators
172 Tool programmers, numerical control
173 Technicians, n.e.c.
174 Vocational and educational counselors
Writers, artists, and entertainers:
175 Actors
180 Athletes and kindred workers
181 Authors
182 Dancers
183 Designers
184 Editors and reporters
185 Musicians and composers
190 Painters and sculptors
191 Photographers
192 Public relations men and publicity writers
193 Radio and television announcers
194 Writers, artists, and entertainers, n.e.c.
195 Research workers, n.s.
196 Professional, technical, and kindred workers -- allocated
Managers and Administrators, Except Farm
201 Assessors, controllers, and treasurers, local public administration
202 Bank officers and financial managers
203 Buyers and shippers, farm products
205 Buyers, wholesale and retail trade
210 Credit men
211 Funeral directors
212 Health administrators
213 Construction inspectors, public administration
215 Inspectors, except construction, public administration
216 Managers and superintendents, building
220 Office managers, n.e.c.
221 Officers, pilots, and pursers, ship
222 Officials and administrators, public administration, n.e.c.
223 Officials of lodges, societies, and unions
224 Postmasters and mail superintendents
225 Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.
226 Railroad conductors
230 Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar managers
231 Sales managers and department heads, retail trade
233 Sales managers, except retail trade
235 School administrators, college
240 School administrators, elementary and secondary
245 Managers and administrators, n.e.c.
246 Managers and administrators, except farm -- allocated
Sales Workers
260 Advertising agents and salesmen
261 Auctioneers
262 Demonstrators
264 Hucksters and peddlers
265 Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters
266 Newsboys
270 Real estate agents and brokers
271 Stock and bond salesmen
280 Salesmen and sales clerks, n.e.c.
281 Sales representatives, manufacturing industries
282 Sales representatives, wholesale trade
283 Sales clerks, retail trade
284 Salesmen, retail trade
285 Salesmen of services and construction
296 Sales workers -- allocated
Clerical and Kindred Workers
301 Bank tellers
303 Billing clerks
305 Bookkeepers
310 Cashiers
311 Clerical assistants, social welfare
312 Clerical supervisors, n.e.c.
313 Collectors, bill and account
314 Counter clerks, except food
315 Dispatchers and starters, vehicle
320 Enumerators and interviewers
321 Estimators and investigators, n.e.c.
323 Expediters and production controllers
325 File clerks
326 Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators
330 Library attendants and assistants
331 Mail carriers, post office
332 Mail handlers, except post office
333 Messengers and office boys
334 Meter readers, utilities
Office machine operators:
341 Bookkeeping and billing machine operators
342 Calculating machine operators
343 Computer and peripheral equipment operators
344 Duplicating machine operators
345 Key punch operators
350 Tabulating machine operators
355 Office machine operators, n.e.c.
360 Payroll and timekeeping clerks
361 Postal clerks
362 Proofreaders
363 Real estate appraisers
364 Receptionists
Secretaries:
370 Secretaries, legal
371 Secretaries, medical
372 Secretaries, n.e.c.
374 Shipping and receiving clerks
375 Statistical clerks
376 Stenographers
381 Stock clerks and storekeepers
382 Teacher aides, except school monitors
383 Telegraph messengers
384 Telegraph operators
385 Telephone operators
390 Ticket, station, and express agents
391 Typists
392 Weighers
394 Miscellaneous clerical workers
395 Clerical workers, n.s.
396 Clerical and kindred workers -- allocated
Craftment and Kindreed Workers
401 Automobile accessories installers
402 Bakers
403 Blacksmiths
404 Boilermakers
405 Bookbinders
410 Brickmasons and stonemasons
411 Brickmason and stonemason apprentices
412 Bulldozer operators
413 Cabinetmakers
415 Carpenters
416 Carpenter apprentices
420 Carpet installers
421 Cement and concrete finishers
422 Compositors and typesetters
423 Printing trades apprentices, except pressmen
424 Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen
425 Decorators and window dressers
426 Dental laboratory technicians
430 Electricians
431 Electrician apprentices
433 Electric power linemen and cablemen
434 Electrotypers and stereotypers
435 Engravers, except photoengravers
436 Excavating, grading, and road machine operators, except bulldozer
440 Floor layers, except tile setters
441 Foremen, n.e.c.
442 Forgemen and hammermen
443 Furniture and wood finishers
444 Furriers
445 Glaziers
446 Heat treaters, annealers, and temperers
450 Inspectors, scalers, and graders, log and lumber
452 Inspectors, n.e.c.
453 Jewelers and watchmakers
454 Job and die setters, metal
455 Locomotive engineers
456 Locomotive firemen
461 Machinists
462 Machinist apprentices
Mechanics and repairmen:
470 Air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration
471 Aircraft
472 Automobile body repairmen
473 Automobile mechanics
474 Automobile mechanic apprentices
475 Data processing machine repairmen
480 Farm implement
481 Heavy equipment and diesel mechanics
482 Household appliance and accessory installers and mechanics
483 Loom fixers
484 Office machine
485 Radio and television
486 Railroad and car shop
491 Mechanic apprentices, except automobile
492 Miscellaneous mechanics and repairmen
495 Mechanics and repairmen, n.s.
501 Millers, grain, flour, and feed
502 Millwrights
503 Molders, metal
504 Molder apprentices
505 Motion picture projectionists
506 Opticians, and lens grinders and polishers
510 Painters, construction and maintenance
511 Painter apprentices
512 Paperhangers
514 Pattern and model makers, except paper
515 Photoengravers and lithographers
516 Piano and organ tuners and repairmen
520 Plasterers
521 Plasterer apprentices
522 Plumbers and pipe fitters
523 Plumber and pipe fitter apprentices
525 Power station operators
530 Pressmen and plate printers, printing
531 Pressman apprentices
533 Rollers and finishers, metal
534 Roofers and slaters
535 Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths
536 Sheetmetal apprentices
540 Shipfitters
542 Shoe repairmen
543 Sign painters and letterers
545 Stationary engineers
546 Stone cutters and stone carvers
550 Structural metal craftsmen
551 Tailors
552 Telephone installers and repairmen
554 Telephone linemen and splicers
560 Tile setters
561 Tool and die makers
562 Tool and die maker apprentices
563 Upholsterers
571 Craft apprentices, n.e.c.
572 Apprentices, craft not specified
575 Craftsmen and kindred workers, n.e.c.
580 Former members of the Armed Forces
586 Craftsmen and kindred workers -- allocated
Operatives, Except Transport
601 Asbestos and insulation workers
602 Assemblers
603 Blasters and powdermen
604 Bottling and canning operatives
605 Chainmen, rodmen, and axemen, surveying
610 Checkers, examiners, and inspectors, manufacturing
611 Clothing ironers and pressers
612 Cutting operatives, n.e.c.
613 Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory
614 Drillers, earth
615 Dry wall installers and lathers
620 Dyers
621 Filers, polishers, sanders, and buffers
622 Furnacemen, smeltermen, and pourers
623 Garage workers and gas station attendants
624 Graders and sorters, manufacturing
625 Produce graders and packers, except factory and farm
626 Heaters, metal
630 Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c.
631 Meat cutters and butchers, except manufacturing
633 Meat cutters and butchers, manufacturing
634 Meat wrappers, retail trade
635 Metal platers
636 Milliners
640 Mine operatives, n.e.c.
641 Mixing operatives
642 Oilers and greasers, except auto
643 Packers and wrappers, except meat and produce
644 Painters, manufactured articles
645 Photographic process workers
Precision machine operatives:
650 Drill press operatives
651 Grinding machine operatives
652 Lathe and milling machine operatives
653 Precision machine operatives, n.e.c.
656 Punch and stamping press operatives
660 Riveters and fasteners
661 Sailors and deckhands
662 Sawyers
663 Sewers and stitchers
664 Shoemaking machine operatives
665 Solderers
666 Stationary firemen
Textile operatives:
670 Carding, lapping, and combing operatives
671 Knitters, loopers, and toppers
672 Spinners, twisters, and winders
673 Weavers
674 Textile operatives, n.e.c.
680 Welders and flame-cutters
681 Winding operatives, n.e.c.
690 Miscellaneous machine operatives
692 Machine operatives, n.s.
694 Miscellaneous operatives
695 Operatives, n.s.
696 Operatives, except transport -- allocated
Transport Equipment Operative
701 Boatmen and canalmen
703 Busdrivers
704 Conductors and motormen, urban rail transit
705 Deliverymen and routemen
706 Fork lift and tow motor operatives
710 Motormen in mines, factories, logging camps, etc.
711 Parking attendants
712 Railroad brakemen
713 Railroad switchmen
714 Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs
715 Truck drivers
726 Transport equipment operatives -- allocated
Laborers, Except Farm
740 Animal caretakers, except farm
750 Carpenters' helpers
751 Construction laborers, except carpenters' helpers
752 Fishermen and oystermen
753 Freight and material handlers
754 Garbage collectors
755 Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm
760 Longshoremen and stevedores
761 Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers
762 Stockhandlers
763 Teamsters
764 Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners
770 Warehousemen, n.e.c.
780 Miscellaneous laborers
785 Laborers, n.s.
796 Laborers, except farm -- allocated
Farmers and Farm Managers
801 Farmers (owners and tenants)
802 Farm managers
806 Farmers and farm managers -- allocated
Farm Laborers and Farm Foremen
821 Farm foremen
822 Farm laborers, wage workers
823 Farm laborers, unpaid family workers
824 Farm service laborers, self-employed
846 Farm laborers and farm foremen -- allocated
Service Workers, Except Private Household
Cleaning service workers:
901 Chambermaids and maids, except private household
902 Cleaners and charwomen
903 Janitors and sextons
Food service workers:
910 Bartenders
911 Busboys
912 Cooks, except private household
913 Dishwashers
914 Food counter and fountain workers
915 Waiters
916 Food service workers, n.e.c., except private household
Health service workers:
921 Dental assistants
922 Health aides, except nursing
923 Health trainees
924 Lay midwives
925 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
926 Practical nurses
Personal service workers:
931 Airline stewardesses
932 Attendants, recreation and amusement
933 Attendants, personal service, n.e.c.
934 Baggage porters and bellhops
935 Barbers
940 Boarding and lodging house keepers
941 Bootblacks
942 Child care workers, except private household
943 Elevator operators
944 Hairdressers and cosmetologists
945 Personal service apprentices
950 Housekeepers, except private household
952 School monitors
953 Ushers, recreation and amusement
954 Welfare service aides
Protective service workers:
960 Crossing guards and bridge tenders
961 Firemen, fire protection
962 Guards and watchmen
963 Marshals and constables
964 Policemen and detectives
965 Sheriffs and bailiffs
976 Service workers, except private household -- allocated
Private Household Workers
980 Child care workers, private household
981 Cooks, private household
982 Housekeepers, private household
983 Laundresses, private household
984 Maids and servants, private household
986 Private household workers -- allocated
Workers Not Classifiable by Occupation
991 Unemployed persons, last worked 1959 or earlier*
995 Occupation not reported**

* Found in experienced civilian labor force universe only.
** Used for Occupation 5 years ago (OCC5YR) variable only.

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