1970 Occupation Codes
This page presents the 1970 census occupational classification system recorded in the IPUMS variable OCC. The page shows each occupation category and its corresponding OCC code. The occupations are organized into several large groupings of roughly descending socioeconomic status (e.g., professionals). In addition to this contemporary system, the IPUMS codes all census years into the 1950 occupation classification scheme, recording them in the variable OCC1950. A parallel variable called OCC1990, available for the samples from 1950 onward, codes occupations into a simplified version of the 1990 occupational coding scheme. The OCC1950 and OCC1990 classifications have corresponding occupational standing measures recorded in the variables SEI, HWSEI, NPBOSS50, NPBOSS90, PRESGL, PRENT, EDSCOR50, EDSCOR90, ERSCOR50, ERSCOR90, and OCCSCORE. Our essay on "Integrated Occupation and Industry codes and Occupational Standing Variables in the IPUMS" describes how we construct harmonized occupational variables as well as occupational standing variables.
| OCC | Occupation |
|---|---|
| Not Applicable | |
| 000 | N/A (Not Applicable) |
| Professional, Technical, and Kindred Workers | |
| 001 | Accountants |
| 002 | Architects |
| Computer specialists: | |
| 003 | Computer programmers |
| 004 | Computer systems analysts |
| 005 | Computer specialists, n.e.c. |
| Engineers: | |
| 006 | Aeronautical and astronautical engineers |
| 010 | Chemical engineers |
| 011 | Civil engineers |
| 012 | Electrical end electronic engineers |
| 013 | Industrial engineers |
| 014 | Mechanical engineers |
| 015 | Metallurgical and materials engineers |
| 020 | Mining engineers |
| 021 | Petroleum engineers |
| 022 | Sales engineers |
| 023 | Engineers, n.e.c. |
| 024 | Farm management advisors |
| 025 | Foresters and conservationists |
| 026 | Home management advisors |
| Lawyers and judges: | |
| 030 | Judges |
| 031 | Lawyers |
| Librarians, archivists, and curators: | |
| 032 | Librarians |
| 033 | Archivists and curators |
| Mathematical specialists: | |
| 034 | Actuaries |
| 035 | Mathematicians |
| 036 | Statisticians |
| Life and physical scientists: | |
| 042 | Agricultural scientists |
| 043 | Atmospheric and space scientists |
| 044 | Biological scientists |
| 045 | Chemists |
| 051 | Geologists |
| 052 | Marine scientists |
| 053 | Physicists and astronomers |
| 054 | Life and physical scientists, n.e.c. |
| 055 | Operations and systems researchers and analysts |
| 056 | Personnel and labor relations workers |
| Physicians, dentists, and related practitioners: | |
| 061 | Chiropractors |
| 062 | Dentists |
| 063 | Optometrists |
| 064 | Pharmacists |
| 065 | Physicians, medical and osteopathic |
| 071 | Podiatrists |
| 072 | Veterinarians |
| 073 | Health practitioners, n.e.c. |
| Nurses, dietitians, and therapists: | |
| 074 | Dietitians |
| 075 | Registered nurses |
| 076 | Therapists |
| Health technologists and technicians: | |
| 080 | Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians |
| 081 | Dental hygienists |
| 082 | Health record technologists and technicians |
| 083 | Radiologic technologists and technicians |
| 084 | Therapy assistants |
| 085 | Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. |
| Religious workers: | |
| 086 | Clergymen |
| 090 | Religious workers, n.e.c. |
| Social scientists: | |
| 091 | Economists |
| 092 | Political scientists |
| 093 | Psychologists |
| 094 | Sociologists |
| 095 | Urban and regional planners |
| 096 | Social scientists, n.e.c. |
| Social and recreation workers: | |
| 100 | Social workers |
| 101 | Recreation workers |
| Teachers, college and university: | |
| 102 | Agriculture teachers |
| 103 | Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space teachers |
| 104 | Biology teachers |
| 105 | Chemistry teachers |
| 110 | Physics teachers |
| 111 | Engineering teachers |
| 112 | Mathematics teachers |
| 113 | Health specialties teachers |
| 114 | Psychology teachers |
| 115 | Business and commerce teachers |
| 116 | Economics teachers |
| 120 | History teachers |
| 121 | Sociology teachers |
| 122 | Social science teachers, n.e.c. |
| 123 | Art, drama, and music teachers |
| 124 | Coaches and physical education teachers |
| 125 | Education teachers |
| 126 | English teachers |
| 130 | Foreign language teachers |
| 131 | Home economics teachers |
| 132 | Law teachers |
| 133 | Theology teachers |
| 134 | Trade, industrial, and technical teachers |
| 135 | Miscellaneous teachers, college and university |
| 140 | Teachers, college and university, subject not specified |
| Teachers, except college and university: | |
| 141 | Adult education teachers |
| 142 | Elementary school teachers |
| 143 | Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers |
| 144 | Secondary school teachers |
| 145 | Teachers, except college and university, n.e.c. |
| Engineering and science technicians: | |
| 150 | Agriculture and biological technicians, except health |
| 151 | Chemical technicians |
| 152 | Draftsmen |
| 153 | Electrical and electronic engineering technicians |
| 154 | Industrial engineering technicians |
| 155 | Mechanical engineering technicians |
| 156 | Mathematical technicians |
| 161 | Surveyors |
| 162 | Engineering and science technicians, n.e.c. |
| Technicians, except health, engineering, or science: | |
| 163 | Airplane pilots |
| 164 | Air traffic controllers |
| 165 | Embalmers |
| 170 | Flight engineers |
| 171 | Radio operators |
| 172 | Tool programmers, numerical control |
| 173 | Technicians, n.e.c. |
| 174 | Vocational and educational counselors |
| Writers, artists, and entertainers: | |
| 175 | Actors |
| 180 | Athletes and kindred workers |
| 181 | Authors |
| 182 | Dancers |
| 183 | Designers |
| 184 | Editors and reporters |
| 185 | Musicians and composers |
| 190 | Painters and sculptors |
| 191 | Photographers |
| 192 | Public relations men and publicity writers |
| 193 | Radio and television announcers |
| 194 | Writers, artists, and entertainers, n.e.c. |
| 195 | Research workers, n.s. |
| 196 | Professional, technical, and kindred workers -- allocated |
| Managers and Administrators, Except Farm | |
| 201 | Assessors, controllers, and treasurers, local public administration |
| 202 | Bank officers and financial managers |
| 203 | Buyers and shippers, farm products |
| 205 | Buyers, wholesale and retail trade |
| 210 | Credit men |
| 211 | Funeral directors |
| 212 | Health administrators |
| 213 | Construction inspectors, public administration |
| 215 | Inspectors, except construction, public administration |
| 216 | Managers and superintendents, building |
| 220 | Office managers, n.e.c. |
| 221 | Officers, pilots, and pursers, ship |
| 222 | Officials and administrators, public administration, n.e.c. |
| 223 | Officials of lodges, societies, and unions |
| 224 | Postmasters and mail superintendents |
| 225 | Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. |
| 226 | Railroad conductors |
| 230 | Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar managers |
| 231 | Sales managers and department heads, retail trade |
| 233 | Sales managers, except retail trade |
| 235 | School administrators, college |
| 240 | School administrators, elementary and secondary |
| 245 | Managers and administrators, n.e.c. |
| 246 | Managers and administrators, except farm -- allocated |
| Sales Workers | |
| 260 | Advertising agents and salesmen |
| 261 | Auctioneers |
| 262 | Demonstrators |
| 264 | Hucksters and peddlers |
| 265 | Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters |
| 266 | Newsboys |
| 270 | Real estate agents and brokers |
| 271 | Stock and bond salesmen |
| 280 | Salesmen and sales clerks, n.e.c. |
| 281 | Sales representatives, manufacturing industries |
| 282 | Sales representatives, wholesale trade |
| 283 | Sales clerks, retail trade |
| 284 | Salesmen, retail trade |
| 285 | Salesmen of services and construction |
| 296 | Sales workers -- allocated |
| Clerical and Kindred Workers | |
| 301 | Bank tellers |
| 303 | Billing clerks |
| 305 | Bookkeepers |
| 310 | Cashiers |
| 311 | Clerical assistants, social welfare |
| 312 | Clerical supervisors, n.e.c. |
| 313 | Collectors, bill and account |
| 314 | Counter clerks, except food |
| 315 | Dispatchers and starters, vehicle |
| 320 | Enumerators and interviewers |
| 321 | Estimators and investigators, n.e.c. |
| 323 | Expediters and production controllers |
| 325 | File clerks |
| 326 | Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators |
| 330 | Library attendants and assistants |
| 331 | Mail carriers, post office |
| 332 | Mail handlers, except post office |
| 333 | Messengers and office boys |
| 334 | Meter readers, utilities |
| Office machine operators: | |
| 341 | Bookkeeping and billing machine operators |
| 342 | Calculating machine operators |
| 343 | Computer and peripheral equipment operators |
| 344 | Duplicating machine operators |
| 345 | Key punch operators |
| 350 | Tabulating machine operators |
| 355 | Office machine operators, n.e.c. |
| 360 | Payroll and timekeeping clerks |
| 361 | Postal clerks |
| 362 | Proofreaders |
| 363 | Real estate appraisers |
| 364 | Receptionists |
| Secretaries: | |
| 370 | Secretaries, legal |
| 371 | Secretaries, medical |
| 372 | Secretaries, n.e.c. |
| 374 | Shipping and receiving clerks |
| 375 | Statistical clerks |
| 376 | Stenographers |
| 381 | Stock clerks and storekeepers |
| 382 | Teacher aides, except school monitors |
| 383 | Telegraph messengers |
| 384 | Telegraph operators |
| 385 | Telephone operators |
| 390 | Ticket, station, and express agents |
| 391 | Typists |
| 392 | Weighers |
| 394 | Miscellaneous clerical workers |
| 395 | Clerical workers, n.s. |
| 396 | Clerical and kindred workers -- allocated |
| Craftment and Kindreed Workers | |
| 401 | Automobile accessories installers |
| 402 | Bakers |
| 403 | Blacksmiths |
| 404 | Boilermakers |
| 405 | Bookbinders |
| 410 | Brickmasons and stonemasons |
| 411 | Brickmason and stonemason apprentices |
| 412 | Bulldozer operators |
| 413 | Cabinetmakers |
| 415 | Carpenters |
| 416 | Carpenter apprentices |
| 420 | Carpet installers |
| 421 | Cement and concrete finishers |
| 422 | Compositors and typesetters |
| 423 | Printing trades apprentices, except pressmen |
| 424 | Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen |
| 425 | Decorators and window dressers |
| 426 | Dental laboratory technicians |
| 430 | Electricians |
| 431 | Electrician apprentices |
| 433 | Electric power linemen and cablemen |
| 434 | Electrotypers and stereotypers |
| 435 | Engravers, except photoengravers |
| 436 | Excavating, grading, and road machine operators, except bulldozer |
| 440 | Floor layers, except tile setters |
| 441 | Foremen, n.e.c. |
| 442 | Forgemen and hammermen |
| 443 | Furniture and wood finishers |
| 444 | Furriers |
| 445 | Glaziers |
| 446 | Heat treaters, annealers, and temperers |
| 450 | Inspectors, scalers, and graders, log and lumber |
| 452 | Inspectors, n.e.c. |
| 453 | Jewelers and watchmakers |
| 454 | Job and die setters, metal |
| 455 | Locomotive engineers |
| 456 | Locomotive firemen |
| 461 | Machinists |
| 462 | Machinist apprentices |
| Mechanics and repairmen: | |
| 470 | Air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration |
| 471 | Aircraft |
| 472 | Automobile body repairmen |
| 473 | Automobile mechanics |
| 474 | Automobile mechanic apprentices |
| 475 | Data processing machine repairmen |
| 480 | Farm implement |
| 481 | Heavy equipment and diesel mechanics |
| 482 | Household appliance and accessory installers and mechanics |
| 483 | Loom fixers |
| 484 | Office machine |
| 485 | Radio and television |
| 486 | Railroad and car shop |
| 491 | Mechanic apprentices, except automobile |
| 492 | Miscellaneous mechanics and repairmen |
| 495 | Mechanics and repairmen, n.s. |
| 501 | Millers, grain, flour, and feed |
| 502 | Millwrights |
| 503 | Molders, metal |
| 504 | Molder apprentices |
| 505 | Motion picture projectionists |
| 506 | Opticians, and lens grinders and polishers |
| 510 | Painters, construction and maintenance |
| 511 | Painter apprentices |
| 512 | Paperhangers |
| 514 | Pattern and model makers, except paper |
| 515 | Photoengravers and lithographers |
| 516 | Piano and organ tuners and repairmen |
| 520 | Plasterers |
| 521 | Plasterer apprentices |
| 522 | Plumbers and pipe fitters |
| 523 | Plumber and pipe fitter apprentices |
| 525 | Power station operators |
| 530 | Pressmen and plate printers, printing |
| 531 | Pressman apprentices |
| 533 | Rollers and finishers, metal |
| 534 | Roofers and slaters |
| 535 | Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths |
| 536 | Sheetmetal apprentices |
| 540 | Shipfitters |
| 542 | Shoe repairmen |
| 543 | Sign painters and letterers |
| 545 | Stationary engineers |
| 546 | Stone cutters and stone carvers |
| 550 | Structural metal craftsmen |
| 551 | Tailors |
| 552 | Telephone installers and repairmen |
| 554 | Telephone linemen and splicers |
| 560 | Tile setters |
| 561 | Tool and die makers |
| 562 | Tool and die maker apprentices |
| 563 | Upholsterers |
| 571 | Craft apprentices, n.e.c. |
| 572 | Apprentices, craft not specified |
| 575 | Craftsmen and kindred workers, n.e.c. |
| 580 | Former members of the Armed Forces |
| 586 | Craftsmen and kindred workers -- allocated |
| Operatives, Except Transport | |
| 601 | Asbestos and insulation workers |
| 602 | Assemblers |
| 603 | Blasters and powdermen |
| 604 | Bottling and canning operatives |
| 605 | Chainmen, rodmen, and axemen, surveying |
| 610 | Checkers, examiners, and inspectors, manufacturing |
| 611 | Clothing ironers and pressers |
| 612 | Cutting operatives, n.e.c. |
| 613 | Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory |
| 614 | Drillers, earth |
| 615 | Dry wall installers and lathers |
| 620 | Dyers |
| 621 | Filers, polishers, sanders, and buffers |
| 622 | Furnacemen, smeltermen, and pourers |
| 623 | Garage workers and gas station attendants |
| 624 | Graders and sorters, manufacturing |
| 625 | Produce graders and packers, except factory and farm |
| 626 | Heaters, metal |
| 630 | Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c. |
| 631 | Meat cutters and butchers, except manufacturing |
| 633 | Meat cutters and butchers, manufacturing |
| 634 | Meat wrappers, retail trade |
| 635 | Metal platers |
| 636 | Milliners |
| 640 | Mine operatives, n.e.c. |
| 641 | Mixing operatives |
| 642 | Oilers and greasers, except auto |
| 643 | Packers and wrappers, except meat and produce |
| 644 | Painters, manufactured articles |
| 645 | Photographic process workers |
| Precision machine operatives: | |
| 650 | Drill press operatives |
| 651 | Grinding machine operatives |
| 652 | Lathe and milling machine operatives |
| 653 | Precision machine operatives, n.e.c. |
| 656 | Punch and stamping press operatives |
| 660 | Riveters and fasteners |
| 661 | Sailors and deckhands |
| 662 | Sawyers |
| 663 | Sewers and stitchers |
| 664 | Shoemaking machine operatives |
| 665 | Solderers |
| 666 | Stationary firemen |
| Textile operatives: | |
| 670 | Carding, lapping, and combing operatives |
| 671 | Knitters, loopers, and toppers |
| 672 | Spinners, twisters, and winders |
| 673 | Weavers |
| 674 | Textile operatives, n.e.c. |
| 680 | Welders and flame-cutters |
| 681 | Winding operatives, n.e.c. |
| 690 | Miscellaneous machine operatives |
| 692 | Machine operatives, n.s. |
| 694 | Miscellaneous operatives |
| 695 | Operatives, n.s. |
| 696 | Operatives, except transport -- allocated |
| Transport Equipment Operative | |
| 701 | Boatmen and canalmen |
| 703 | Busdrivers |
| 704 | Conductors and motormen, urban rail transit |
| 705 | Deliverymen and routemen |
| 706 | Fork lift and tow motor operatives |
| 710 | Motormen in mines, factories, logging camps, etc. |
| 711 | Parking attendants |
| 712 | Railroad brakemen |
| 713 | Railroad switchmen |
| 714 | Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs |
| 715 | Truck drivers |
| 726 | Transport equipment operatives -- allocated |
| Laborers, Except Farm | |
| 740 | Animal caretakers, except farm |
| 750 | Carpenters' helpers |
| 751 | Construction laborers, except carpenters' helpers |
| 752 | Fishermen and oystermen |
| 753 | Freight and material handlers |
| 754 | Garbage collectors |
| 755 | Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm |
| 760 | Longshoremen and stevedores |
| 761 | Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers |
| 762 | Stockhandlers |
| 763 | Teamsters |
| 764 | Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners |
| 770 | Warehousemen, n.e.c. |
| 780 | Miscellaneous laborers |
| 785 | Laborers, n.s. |
| 796 | Laborers, except farm -- allocated |
| Farmers and Farm Managers | |
| 801 | Farmers (owners and tenants) |
| 802 | Farm managers |
| 806 | Farmers and farm managers -- allocated |
| Farm Laborers and Farm Foremen | |
| 821 | Farm foremen |
| 822 | Farm laborers, wage workers |
| 823 | Farm laborers, unpaid family workers |
| 824 | Farm service laborers, self-employed |
| 846 | Farm laborers and farm foremen -- allocated |
| Service Workers, Except Private Household | |
| Cleaning service workers: | |
| 901 | Chambermaids and maids, except private household |
| 902 | Cleaners and charwomen |
| 903 | Janitors and sextons |
| Food service workers: | |
| 910 | Bartenders |
| 911 | Busboys |
| 912 | Cooks, except private household |
| 913 | Dishwashers |
| 914 | Food counter and fountain workers |
| 915 | Waiters |
| 916 | Food service workers, n.e.c., except private household |
| Health service workers: | |
| 921 | Dental assistants |
| 922 | Health aides, except nursing |
| 923 | Health trainees |
| 924 | Lay midwives |
| 925 | Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants |
| 926 | Practical nurses |
| Personal service workers: | |
| 931 | Airline stewardesses |
| 932 | Attendants, recreation and amusement |
| 933 | Attendants, personal service, n.e.c. |
| 934 | Baggage porters and bellhops |
| 935 | Barbers |
| 940 | Boarding and lodging house keepers |
| 941 | Bootblacks |
| 942 | Child care workers, except private household |
| 943 | Elevator operators |
| 944 | Hairdressers and cosmetologists |
| 945 | Personal service apprentices |
| 950 | Housekeepers, except private household |
| 952 | School monitors |
| 953 | Ushers, recreation and amusement |
| 954 | Welfare service aides |
| Protective service workers: | |
| 960 | Crossing guards and bridge tenders |
| 961 | Firemen, fire protection |
| 962 | Guards and watchmen |
| 963 | Marshals and constables |
| 964 | Policemen and detectives |
| 965 | Sheriffs and bailiffs |
| 976 | Service workers, except private household -- allocated |
| Private Household Workers | |
| 980 | Child care workers, private household |
| 981 | Cooks, private household |
| 982 | Housekeepers, private household |
| 983 | Laundresses, private household |
| 984 | Maids and servants, private household |
| 986 | Private household workers -- allocated |
| Workers Not Classifiable by Occupation | |
| 991 | Unemployed persons, last worked 1959 or earlier* |
| 995 | Occupation not reported** |
* Found in experienced civilian labor force universe only.
** Used for Occupation 5 years ago (OCC5YR) variable only.
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